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Flow calorimetric measurements of the excess molar enthalpy, Hk , of [0.5C2H50H + 0.5C6H,,](g), [0.5C2H50H + 0.5C6H, ,](g) and [0.5C2H,0H + 0.5C,H,](g) are reported. The measurements extend over the temperature range 453.5 to 522.9 K and are at pressures up to 4.5 MPa. Residual molar enthalpies of hexane, cyclohexane and benzene were calculated from the equation of state proposed by Kubic, and the residual molar enthalpy of ethanol was calculated from a modification of Kubic's equation proposed by Massucci and Wormald. For ethanol in its interaction with hexane or cyclohexane there is no hydrogen bonding, and the excess molar enthalpy can be fitted by applying simple one-fluid mixing rules using a pseudo-critical temperature of 345 K and a pseudocritical pressure of 4.65 MPa for ethanol. For ethanol-benzene the values of Hk calculated by this method are too large. Previous measurements of HL for benzene with steam or methanol showed similar behaviour, and the difference between the experimental values of Hk and those calculated from an equation of state was attributed to association between the steam or methanol and the benzene molecules. Using a similar approach we attributed the difference between the experimental and calculated values of Hk for ethanol-benzene to weak association between the unlike molecules, and obtained a value of the equilibrium constant K,, (298.15 K) = 0.2197 MPa-' and a value of AHl2 = -14.0 kJ mol-' for the enthalpy of the specific interaction between ethanol and benzene.

Clinching technology is a mechanical connection technology that is applied to connect metal or non-metal sheet materials. It is widely used in different applications, such as automobile, aircraft, household appliances and other industries. In order to reduce weight, save energy, reduce fuel consumption, reduce pollution and curb global warming, lightweight structures with clinched joint are increasingly used in transportation. The finite element technology is popularized in engineering, so that it can get similar results with the test after investing less time, manpower, energy and material resources, which is conducive to the prediction and smooth progress of the test. A review of the finite element analysis of clinching technology is provided in the present paper. The article's work also discusses the strength of the clinched joint, the factors influencing the clinched joint's strength, the failure mechanism of the clinched joint, etc. Furthermore, the novel technologies of clinching as well as the finite element models and methods used in clinching, are introduced. The present paper's main objective was to review the recent developments in the finite element analysis of clinching and provide a basis for further investigation in this area of research.