The relationship between economic growth and unemployment is well known. The growth of gross domestic product leads to a fall in unemployment and, reversely, its fall is associated with a rise in unemployment. The paper deals with the estimation of Okun's coefficient for EU28 countries between years 2001 and 2014. Additionally, two sub-periods are also analysed. These represent the pre-crisis period 2001-2007 and the post-crisis period 2008-2014. The result shows higher Okun's coefficient in the post-crisis period. Unemployment in that period responded to changes in gross domestic product more sensitively than in the pre-crisis period. As a result, in order to decrease unemployment, lower economic growth was necessary in the post-crisis period compared to the pre-crisis one.

The language used in program descriptions of graduate leadership programs on college and university websites are first attempts at enticing prospective students to consider enrolling. The descriptions invariably include value propositions about the benefits of a particular program, aimed to appeal to readers’ motivations, couched in one of three discourse styles: Formal Impersonal, Formal Personal, and Informal Personal styles. Program descriptions, a de facto rhetorical genre, and demographics of all 154 master's degree programs in Organizational Leadership in existence as of January 2014 are analyzed, using a systematic discourse analysis typology which explored the ways in which value propositions were presented. Four questions concerning discourse types, the kinds of value propositions, the relationship between rankings of universities and kinds of value propositions and discourse types, intrinsic (meaning) and extrinsic (utility) appeals are answered. Detailed cross‐sectional comparative analysis of leadership master's degree programs are also presented.

The relationship between unemployment and economic growth is known as Okun´s Law. Okun´s Law is used to estimate the reaction of unemployment rate on change in GDP growth. The purpose of this paper is therefore to examine the possibly asymmetric relationship between changes in output and gender specific unemployment rates by estimating Okun´s coefficients for all countries of the EU, as well as for selected groups of the EU countries. These groups include countries with similar characteristics that differ from other groups and represent the diversity among the EU. The results confirm that male unemployment is more sensitive to changes in GDP than the unemployment of females. Furthermore, findings differ on the country´s specifics with higher sensitivity in countries with lower economic performance.

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Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment Inflow and Unemployment in the Slovak Republic The inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) is linked to several positive effects, which result in growing gross domestic product (GDP) and reduced unemployment rate in the host country. The level of GDP and the unemployment rate determine the FDI inflow, but contrariwise, FDI inflow has an impact on these variables. In the paper, we investigate which of these variables is the impulse and which is consequently determined by the impulse variable. The objective of the paper is to examine the length of the FDI effect in a host economy as well as the impact of FDI inflow on the unemployment rate using vector autoregression and impulse-reaction functions. Based on results of the Granger causality, we analyse linkages between FDI inflow, unemployment rate and GDP growth in the Slovak Republic in the period 1995-2018. The results show that the impulse comes from the unemployment rate, which consequently affects the FDI inflow. However, the length of this effect is very short.