Feeding natural antioxidant supplements to animals and birds has multiple advantages over traditional synthetic vitamins of the antioxidant group. This study investigated the effect of the Avena satíva extract on the antioxidant status and fatty acid composition of liver tissues, the brain, and skeletal muscles of geese, live weight dynamics, and pterylographic parameters during physiological stress of formation of contour and juvenile feathers. It is confirmed that adding oat extract to the geese diet during physiological stress increases tissue antioxidant activity. It was established that during the formation of contour feathers (day 28), the voltage of the antioxidant system is significantly weakened by the action of the extract due to selective inhibition of the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, in particular oleic. The synthesis of palmitic and stearic acids is activated. The oat extract caused the most remarkable changes in liver tissues. The subsequent period of formation of juvenile feathers (49 days) is characterized by equalization of the composition of fatty acids in the control and experimental groups. At the end of the experiment, the mass of the geese of the experimental group increased by 17.9% and their pterylographic parameters improved.
The vitamin E effect on the lipid peroxidation product content and the endogenous antioxidant activity (at -18 C during the different types of storage) has been studied in goose meat. The goose meat of three samples has been used for storage. Meat of control sample has been obtained from geese fed by the standard diet. The 1st meat test sample of geese differs from the control group by two times higher content of vitamin E (40 mg / kg) in their diet from the 42nd to the 63rd day. Meat of the 2nd test sample obtained from the control group of geese is processed by a vitamin E solution (calculated at 100 mcg per g of meat) immediately before storage. The shelf life of meat is 210 days. It has been established that the intensive accumulation of the secondary lipid peroxidation products begins from the 90th day in the goose meat during its storage. In the goose diet a double increase of the vitamin E has contributed a significant (by 27.6%, p ≤ 0.05) TBA-AP decrease in the first meat test sample in comparison with the control group at the end of the experiment. The addition of vitamin E to the diet of geese has contributed the stabilization of the antioxidant pool in their meat. It has been confirmed by a 1.88-fold lower level of TBA-AP upon initiation of peroxide oxidation of Fe2+ and by the higher coefficient of antioxidant activity (36.0%, p ≤ 0.05) in this sample in comparison with the control on the 210th day. At the end of the experiment, the vitamin E content is higher 41.7 % (p ≤ 0.01) in the first sample than in the control, β-carotene - 15.0 % (p ≤ 0.05), and vitamin A is at the level of the control sample. Processed goose meat with a solution of vitamin E also provides reliable inhibition of peroxidation processes during the first half of the experiment. However, at the end of the experiment the content of TBA-AP reaches the level of the corresponding control indices in the 2nd test sample of meat. From the 120th day, there has been the more intensive use of endogenous antioxidants. The antioxidant activity coefficient decreasing to the control level on the 210th day in this meat sample is its conformation. The meat of this sample differs by a higher content of β-carotene from the control sample significantly (by 13.5%, p ≤ 0.05). Thus, to obtain a prolonged antioxidant effect during low-temperature storage of meat it is more advisable to add vitamin E to the diet of geese in the pre-slaughter period. Key words: geese, meat storage, lipoperoxidation products, antioxidant activity, vitamins E, A, β-carotene.
Розробленi рецептури та технологiї виробництва напоїв типу «drink-breakfast» з пiдвищеним вмiстом бiлка та вираженими антиоксидантними властивостями. Компонентами композицiй напоїв стали: сир кисломолочний, молоко коровьяче знежирене, насiння канюти, ядра волоських горiхiв, мед, шпинат, банан, псилiум, гiдролiзат коллагена (глютин). Напої є джерелами легкозасвоюваного бiлка, вiтамiнiв-антиоксидантiв (С, РР, Е) i харчових волокон. За рахунок введення в композицiю глютина, одна порцiя розроблених напоїв «Шпинатний» i «Банановый» задовольняє потребу в бiлках на 7,6 % i 7,2 % вiдповiдно. Введення в склад напоїв шпинату i банану сприяє їх збагаченню фолатами. Аналiз мiнерального складу розроблених напоїв дає можливiсть стверджувати, що напої є джерелами основних макро-та мiкронутриентов i на високому рiвнi задовольняють потреби в них. Використання як активних iнгредiєнтiв псилiуму та глютину пiдвищує антиоксидантну активнiсть у 50-60 разiв, що пояснюється синергiзмом всiх компонентiв.Визначено технологiчнi умови гiдратацiї псилiуму. Встановлено, що середнiй розмiр сухих частинок псилiуму складає 1,79 мм, а гiдратованого 2,28 мм (5 хв., 20 °С) » коливається в дiапазонi 0,05-0,15 мм, а в напої «Банановий» вiд 0,001 до 0,15 . На поверхнi часточок утворюється шар слизи -розчинних харчових волокон, що сприяє стабiлiзацiї харчової системи. Використання глютину в якостi пiноутворювача в напоях забезпечує утворення стабiльної аерованої структури. Розмiри комiрок пiни в напої «Шпинатний мм. Моделювання умов зберiгання за допомогою ALST тесту за оцiнкою змiни мiкробiологiчних та органолептичних показникiв дає можливiсть стверджувати, що напої будуть конкурентоспроможними на споживчому ринку України. При зберiганнi протягом 36 годин при температурi (4 ± 2) °С влажнiстю не бiльше 75 % в герметичнiй тарi вмiст санiтарно-показових мiкроорганiзмiв вiдповiдає санiтарно-гiгiєнiчним вимогам до напоїв на молочнiй основi. Розробленi напої «drink-breakfast» можуть бути рекомендованi для дитячого харчування, а також у харчування вагiтних жiнок i жiнок, що знаходяться в перiодi лактацiїКлючовi слова: комплексна оцiнка якостi, бiлковий напiй, антиоксидантна активнiсть, харчова цiннiсть, строк зберiгання UDC 663. 85-021.465:613.3:615.37
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