, la production du lait occupe une place prépondérante dans l'économie des ménages ruraux. Elle fait souvent face à certaines maladies dont les conséquences sur la sécurité alimentaire et la santé publique sont énormes. C'est dans ce contexte que cette étude exploratoire a été conduite dans les communes de Parakou, Nikki, Tchaourou, Gogonou et Malanville, afin de déterminer chez les bovins, la prévalence de la brucellose et de la tuberculose. A cet effet, 525 bovins ont été prélevés et les sérums soumis au test ELISA indirect (enzyme-linked-immuno-sorbent-assay) pour la détection d'anticorps spécifique anti-brucella et les résultats obtenus révèlent 77 cas positifs (prévalence de 14,66%). Pour le diagnostic de la tuberculose, 182 échantillons de laits prélevés chez 182 bovins ont été soumis à la coloration de Ziehl-Neelsen, donnant 67 cas positifs (prévalence de 36,81%). La brucellose et la tuberculose étant deux zoonoses majeures pouvant porter atteinte à la santé des consommateurs, la prévalence de ces deux maladies est assez importante pour bénéficier de l'attention des producteurs, des consommateurs et de ceux qui interviennent dans la gestion de la santé animale.

| A longitudinal study was conducted from February 2012 to January 2013 in Benin to determine monthly prevalence of bovine brucellosis. Five herds were sampled at a rate of two in the North (Gogounou and Okpara) and three in the South (Athiémé, Kpinnou and Ouidah). Twelve animals were selected and identified in each of these herds. Blood samples were collected every month from the animals and their sera were analyzed with Rose Bengal and indirect ELISA tests. Space-time analyses were performed with SaTScan ™ software and monthly seroprevalence was compared in pairs using Fisher Exact Test in R software. Overall, 105 animals were detected positive from the 626 analyzed samples. The prevalence differed significantly from one month to another between the North and the South (p <0.05). Animals were 5.65 times more likely to be infected in the North, while in the South this risk was 4.72 times. The periods from October to December and August to September were those at risk in the North and South, respectively. This information alongside the identification of circulating Brucella strains can lead to the establishment of an effective vaccination strategy.

Sanitary constraints of raising turkey in north-west Benin were studied by using a survey and Haemagglutination Inhibition Test (HIT) to detect antibodies of Newcastle Disease (ND) and Avian Influenza (AI). We tested 85 serums from 7- to 24-month-old turkeys raised in 19 farms. ND prevalence rate was 54% but reactions on four sub-types of AI were negative. Mortality rates varied from 55 to 100% for 0–30 day-old flocks; 30% for 1- to 4-month-old; and 15% for older turkeys. Next to ND, probable causes of mortality are Fowl pox, Gumboro disease, scabies, coccidiosis, histomonosis, capillariosis and colibacillosis. Only one farmer who fed and vaccinated the poults, and provided clean housing for them got a lower mortality rate of 11% in turkeys less than 4-month-old. The question remains why most farmers do not apply these simple practices: are they unaware or are the technologies not profitable?

Vaccination is one of the best Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) control methods in endemic areas. The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of FMD in Northern Benin and assess the effectiveness of a newly developed vaccine using FMD virus strains identified in the study area. A total of 61 cattle were selected from the State farm of Okpara and 50 from a private farm in Gogounou. Animals were vaccinated and their sera were collected before vaccination (day 0), on the 30 th and the 120 th days post vaccination. Sampled sera were analysed for the detection of non-structural protein (NSP) antibodies. Percentages of inhibition were estimated at a cut-off value of 50%. The study revealed that the NSP rates from Gogounou were 54%, 62.5% and 48.97% on days 0, 30 and 120, respectively without a significant difference. However, from Okpara, the NSP rate of day 30 (71.19%) was not differed significantly from that of day 120 (75%). Findings show that the use of NSP alone cannot be a reliable method to conclude the effectiveness of the vaccine in cattle. Further research should be carried out on the same samples to determine the serotypes that are responsible of FMD cases in Benin for successful vaccination in the country.

In order to determine the prevalence of bovine brucellosis, tuberculosis and dermatophilosis, a study was carried out in main dairy areas of Benin from April to September 2015. For brucellosis, 780 sera and 78 milk samples were analyzed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). For tuberculosis, 780 cattle underwent a comparative intradermal tuberculin test and 78 milk samples were used for Ziehl-Neelsen's staining. About dermatophilosis, 78 samples of scabs were collected for Giemsa's staining. For brucellosis, the overall individual animal seroprevalence was 8.85%. The regions of Borgou with 19.33% and Atlantique with 0% prevalence showed significant differences (p <0.05) with the other regions. For tuberculosis, the overall individual animal prevalence was 2.18%. The regions of Borgou and Alibori, with 0% prevalence each, showed significant differences (p <0.05) with most other regions. Taking into account the individual animal prevalence, Zou (brucellosis 18.33%, tuberculosis 6.67%) and Plateau (brucellosis 10%, tuberculosis 6.67%) were the areas at risk for these two diseases. For dermatophilosis the overall herd prevalence was 23.08%. There was significant difference (p<0.05) between Alibori and Mono but also between Alibori and Zou. It is urgent, therefore, to put in place an adapted control strategy taking into account these geographical realities.