The deployment of multiple sinks in Wireless Sensor Networks may provide better reliability, timely communication and longevity, depending on the routing strategy. Moreover, geographic routing is a powerful strategy to avoid the costs related to maintaining high network knowledge. In this paper, we present a Geographic Multicast Routing solution (GeoM), focused on the latency and network lifetime trade-off. Our solution considers a linear combination of network metrics during the decision process of the next hop. Packets are forwarded to all sinks, and duplications are defined on the fly during the forwarding. The network lifetime is addressed with an energy balance strategy and a trade-off between progress and energy cost. We make use of the maximum energy consumption as an indication of the network lifetime. Simulation results show that GeoM has an overall better performance than the existing solutions, with improvements of approximately 11% for the average latency, and 54% for the maximum energy consumption.

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Considering the context of building management systems with wireless sensor networks monitoring environmental features, this paper presents a proposal of a Fuzzy Logic Based Routing Algorithm (FLBRA) to determine the cost of each link and the identification of the best routes for packet forwarding. We describe the parameters (Received Signal Strength Indicator -RSSI, Standard Deviation of the RSSI and Packet Error Rate -PER) for the cost definition of each path, the sequence of identifying best routes and the results obtained in simulation. As expected in this proposal, the simulation results showed an increase in the packet delivery rate compared to RSSI-based forward protocol (RBF).

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications frequently require different objectives, such as reliability, timely communication and longevity. To cope with that, a WSN can be conceived with multiple sinks and routing protocols designed over different communication schemes. In this paper, we address the communication latency and the network lifetime issues in Multi-Sink WSN deployment. We propose GeoK, a kanycast geographic routing protocol that considers a linear combination of network metrics during the decision process of the next hop. Packets are forwarded over exactly k sinks, with targets and duplications being defined on the fly. Simulation results show a better performance for GeoK, with improvements of approximately 13% for the average latency, and 30% for the maximum energy consumption, compared to existing work.