A adubação orgânica pode influenciar de forma positiva e significativa o desenvolvimento de gramíneas forrageiras. Dois experimentos foram instalados em vasos, em casa de vegetação, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de doses de esterco bovino no desenvolvimento dos capins Brachiaria brizantha (Syn. Uroclhoa brizantha) cv. Marandu e Panicun maximum cv. Mombaça. O delineamento utilizado para cada experimento foi em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Para o capim-marandu foram utilizados cinco tratamentos constituídos por quatro doses de esterco de bovino curtido: 0; 9; 18 e 27 Mg ha-1 (base seca) e mais um tratamento com adubação inorgânica (AI), na dose recomendada. O experimento com o capim-mombaça consistiu de seis tratamentos: 0, 4,5; 9; 18; 36 Mg ha-1 de esterco bovino e um tratamento com adubação inorgânica (AI). O aumento de doses de esterco proporcionou melhorias nas características produtivas das duas forrageiras estudadas. A máxima produtividade do capim-marandu foi obtida com a dose média de 24,3 Mg ha-1. Já o capim-mombaça respondeu até a dose máxima aplicada (36 Mg ha-1). A AI proporcionou resultados semelhantes às duas maiores doses de esterco aplicadas. O esterco bovino pode ser utilizado na adubação de forrageiras substituindo em partes a adubação inorgânica.
The aims of this study were: (a) to evaluate the resistance of coffee cultivars to Pseudomonas syringae (PS); (b) verify if there are coffee genotypes that present less wounds on the leaves; (c) to study the correlation between amount of wounds and PS severity. The field trial was installed in April 2014 at the IAPAR’s experimental station (Londrina, Paraná, Brazil). 18 Arabica coffee cultivars were evaluated. The cultivars Mundo Novo IAC 376-4 and Catuaí Vermelho IAC 81 were the susceptible controls and IPR 102 was the resistant control. After 32 months of planting the field trial, resistance to PS was evaluated in December 2016. The evaluation of the PS severity was carried out under conditions of natural infections of P. syringae pv. garcae and P. syringae pv. tabaci based on the symptoms, using a grading scale from 1 to 5. The number of wounds on the leaves of the eight cultivars were counted. The results showed that IPR 102 was resistant to Pseudomonas syringae, whereas IPR 99, Arara, IPR 107, Acauã, Sabiá, Catucaiam 24137, Japy and Catuaí Vermelho IAC 81 were susceptible. Mundo Novo and Catucaí Amarelo 2SL were more susceptible than Catuaí Vermelho. IPR 106, Japiam, Catiguá MG 2, Catiguá MG 1 and IBC Palma 2 showed moderate resistance, while IPR 103 and Catucaiam 2015479 were moderately susceptible. The cultivars IPR 102 and IPR 106 presented resistance to wounding because they had lower wounds than other cultivars. Increased leaf wounds was associated with increased P. syringae severity.
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