OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the ability of orbital apex crowding volume measurements calculated with multidetector-computed tomography to detect dysthyroid optic neuropathy.METHODS:Ninety-three patients with Graves' orbitopathy were studied prospectively. All of the patients underwent a complete neuro-ophthalmic examination and computed tomography scanning. Volumetric measurements were calculated from axial and coronal contiguous sections using a dedicated workstation. Orbital fat and muscle volume were estimated on the basis of their attenuation values (in Hounsfield units) using measurements from the anterior orbital rim to the optic foramen. Two indexes of orbital muscle crowding were calculated: i) the volumetric crowding index, which is the ratio between soft tissue (mainly extraocular muscles) and orbital fat volume and is based on axial scans of the entire orbit; and ii) the volumetric orbital apex crowding index, which is the ratio between the extraocular muscles and orbital fat volume and is based on coronal scans of the orbital apex. Two groups of orbits (with and without dysthyroid optic neuropathy) were compared.RESULTS:One hundred and two orbits of 61 patients with Graves' orbitopathy met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Forty-one orbits were diagnosed with Graves' orbitopathy, and 61 orbits did not have optic neuropathy. The two groups of orbits differed significantly with regard to both of the volumetric indexes (p<0.001). Although both indexes had good discrimination ability, the volumetric orbital apex crowding index yielded the best results with 92% sensitivity, 86% specificity, 81%/94% positive/negative predictive value and 88% accuracy at a cutoff of 4.14.CONCLUSION:This study found that the orbital volumetric crowding index was a more effective predictor of dysthyroid optic neuropathy than previously described computed tomography indexes were.

descriptive statistics. Results: 2303 cases of breast cancer in woman were registered on these cities. The average age of women with a breast cancer diagnosis was 55 years, and pertaining relationship status, a little over 42% fitted the not single category, and over 43% had no data. About the skin color, 37.06% were white and over 39% had not filled this variable on the record. About the tumor aspects related to the disease's extension, we identified that in over 48% of the cases the tumors were classified as localized, over 23% as regional and only 4.23% as distant. About the tumor's side, over 33% had no information, 31.04% were located at the right side and 33.40% at the left side. About the tumor's type most cases, 85.5%, were invasive ductal carcinoma, 4.6% ductal carcinoma in situ, 2.6% invasive lobular carcinoma and only 0.30% lobular carcinoma in situ. 106 cases had no information about the tumor's type. Conclusion: This study's goal was a better comprehension about this disease's effect on the patients: it's evolution, association with risk factors, presence of metastasis and mortality.