RESUMENLos logros escolares y la calidad educativa que reciben los menores dependen, en gran medida, de la actuación que desarrollen los dos primeros agentes de socialización, la familia y el centro escolar. Los factores y condicionantes que operan diferencialmente en ellos para contribuir a la formación de los menores son variados y complejos. Sin embargo, la investigación evidencia que la frecuencia y calidad de las relaciones que se establezcan entre ellos contribuye a mejorar la eficacia educativa de ambos contextos y genera efectos positivos en el desarrollo integral del alumnado y en su rendimiento escolar, facilitando así la generación de capital humano y social. Este artículo incluye una revisión de algunos modelos teóricos en el estudio de la implicación educativa familiar y de las relaciones que cabe establecer entre los entre los centros escolares, las familias y las entidades comunitarias para promover esta colaboración. En concreto, se presenta: 1) Modelo Ecológico Sistémico; 2) Modelo de Esferas Superpuestas de Influencia; 3) Modelo “Syneducation”; 4) Modelo Causal y Específico de Implicación Parental; 5) Modelo Motivacional y de Conceptualización Multidimensional y 6) Modelo Bipiramidal Jerarquizado. Se concluye subrayando los beneficios de esta alianza educativa para facilitar el adecuado logro escolar de los y las estudiantes, su desarrollo integral, una convivencia más positiva en el centro y en el hogar y, por último, una mayor calidad educativa.Palabras Clave: Cooperación familia-escuela-comunidad, educación familiar, modelos teóricos, educación de calidad.Theoretical models of family educational involvement: shared responsibilities between the school, the family and the communityABSTRACTSchool achievements and the quality of education that children receive, rely heavily on the actions carried out by the first two agents of socialization, the family and the school. There are varied and complex factors and constraints affecting these two agents and, consequently, children's education. However, research shows that the frequency and quality of the relationships established between them helps improving the educational effectiveness in both contexts; thus, generating positive effects on children’s development and on their school performance. It provides, then, human and social capital. This article reviews some theoretical models on family educational involvement and on schools, families and communities collaboration. In particular, the article addresses: 1) Ecological Systems Model; (2) Overlapping Spheres of Influence Model; (3) “Syneducation” Model; 4) Causal and Specific Model of Parental Involvement; 5) Motivational and Multidimensional Construct Model, and 6) Hierarchic Bi-pyramidal Model. The article concludes underlining the benefits of schools, families and communities partnership to facilitate the proper school achievement of students, their full development, more positive coexistence both at school and at home and, finally, a greater educational quality.Keywords: Home-school Partnership, family education, conceptual/theoretical frameworks, educational quality.
Este artículo presenta un análisis sobre los factores que inciden en el fracaso y en el riesgo de abandono escolar en la enseñanza secundaria obligatoria, como aspectos relevantes a considerar en la educación inclusiva. Se conceptualizan ambos términos y se toma en consideración el Modelo Ecológico de Bronfenbrenner (1987) para clasificar los factores que afectan al rendimiento escolar y que pueden desencadenar las problemáticas analizadas. Se hace referencia fundamentalmente a factores del centro escolar y del ambiente familiar como microsistemas de referencia del alumnado, así como a otros vinculados a la cooperación entre las familias y el centro escolar (mesosistema). Otros factores relacionados con el exosistema y el macrosistema se encuentran también referenciados. Se finaliza el artículo ofreciendo un conjunto de sugerencias de actuación relacionadas con todos los sistemas mencionados que pueden contribuir a prevenir las problemáticas analizadas y a promover la inclusión educativa del alumnado afectado por ellas. Descriptores: Fracaso escolar, Abandono escolar, Educación familiar, Cooperación centro escolar-familia, Modelo ecológico de Bronfenbrenner. This paper presents an analysis of the factors affecting school failure and dropout in secondary school, as relevant matters to be considered in inclusive education. Both terms are conceptualized. The Ecological Model by Bronfenbrenner (1987) is took into account to classify factors affecting school achievement, which might relate to the both school problems analyzed. Special attention is given to school and family factors as students' microsystems, as well as to other factors related to schools and families partnerships (mesosystem). Other factors regarding the exosystem and macrosystem are also mentioned. The paper ends with some suggestions to both prevent school failure and dropout and to promote the inclusion of the students affected by them.
En base a la in uencia que el contexto familiar ejerce en el desarrollo personal y en el ámbito escolar, este trabajo busca analizar la percepción que tiene el alumnado de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) sobre la adaptabilidad y la cohesión familiar, incluyendo para ello variables sociodemográ cas tanto familiares como escolares. Se ha contado con 296 estudiantes (51% chicos y 49% chicas), con una edad media de 14,06 años y pertenecientes a los cuatro cursos de esta etapa educativa. El instrumento utilizado para la recogida de información ha sido el FACES II y presentó una buena abilidad (α=0,92). Los resultados muestran valores generales positivos en adaptabilidad y cohesión familiar, aunque con necesidades de mejora en aspectos como la disciplina y la participación de los hijos y con matices destacables al considerar las diferencias sociodemográ cas (especialmente cuestiones como el curso, haber sido repetidor o la diversidad familiar). Estos resultados permiten identi car áreas prioritarias de intervención y mejora en favor del bienestar del alumnado, así como plani car actuaciones encaminadas a la prevención que repercutan positivamente a nivel personal, familiar y escolar.
In the so called Information and Knowledge Society, social and cultural capital are expected values. Despite the technological and scientific progres and the unstoppable development of Information and Communication Technologies, the doubts families feel about how to performe their parental role increases. Although the range of resources parents and children have at their disposal to get information to resolve those doubts is very wide (printed material, telephone, chats, social networks…), it seems that there is still lack of communication among the family members, which bring about conflicts which are not always solved in a constructive way. So, it is relevant to build nets which may support the educational and socialization role of the family. This paper analizes how 689 fathers and mothers perceive themselves regading communication strategies with their children. Variables related to communication styles with children, parental skills of emotional self-regulation, and strategies to solve conflicts have been analyzed. In order to collect qualitative and quantitative data, surveys, self-information, participative observation and focus groups techniques were used. The quantitative data was processed with descriptive and variables association statistics. The final conclusions indicate that parents demand information to better cope with their parental role, thus, parenting programms should be developed on a community base. Also, taking advantage of the wide scope the Net provides us, parents´ participation in Blogs and Virtual Learning Communities should be promoted. These resources may be understood as networks for social support, and ideal meeting places for exchanging concerns, experiences and worries. All in all, will promote the development of "Positive Parenting" as expected by the European Council.
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