An overall assessment of all of the selected studies suggests at least 3 possible associations between depression and tinnitus: depression affecting tinnitus, tinnitus predisposing individuals to depression, and tinnitus appearing as a comorbidity in patients with depression. There is a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in individuals with tinnitus, but the mechanisms by which depression and tinnitus mutually interact, are not fully understood.
A review on adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy and the quality of life of patients living with HIV in the scientifi c literature, indexed in MEDLINE between 1998 and 2008, was performed. Studies published in Portuguese, Spanish or English with patients over 18 years of age were included. Reviews, case reports and letters were excluded. Of the 21 studies found, 12 were included (three clinical trials, three prospective cohorts and six cross-sectional studies). The relationship between quality of life and treatment adherence remains controversial, despite descriptive studies indicating the possibility of a positive association. The results may have been infl uenced by the specifi c characteristics of the described clinical trials and do not show a consensus regarding the impact of treatment adherence on patients' quality of life.
e Luciana CAMACHO-LOBATO 1 RESUMO -Introdução -Estudos têm demonstrado ser a doença do refluxo gastroesofágico capaz de alterar a qualidade de vida e a produtividade no trabalho dos doentes por ela acometidos. Instrumentos para esse tipo de avaliação são provenientes, em sua maioria, de países de língua inglesa e/ou francesa. A utilização desses instrumentos em nosso meio demanda criterioso processo de tradução e validação. Objetivos -Traduzir para língua portuguesa os questionários GERD-HRQL (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -Health Related Quality of Life), HBQOL (Heartburn Specific Quality of Life Instrument) e GSAS (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptom Assessment Scale) específicos para avaliação de qualidade de vida na doença do refluxo gastroesofágico. Testar suas propriedades psicométricas de confiabilidade e validade. Métodos -Cento e trinta e dois pacientes com doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (idade média 54,9 anos, ± DP 13,9) atendidos no ambulatório de motilidade digestiva da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, e de gastrocirurgia da Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, SP, aceitaram participar do presente estudo, fornecendo termo de consentimento pós-esclarecimento. Destes, 40 pacientes participaram da fase de pré-teste (28 do sexo feminino e 12 do sexo masculino, com idade média de 55,3 anos, ± DP 14,7) e 92 da fase de validação (64 do sexo feminino e 28 sexo masculino, com idade média 54,7 anos e ± DP 13,7). A tradução e adaptação cultural foi realizada de acordo com o método de GUILLEMIN et al., sendo a validação dos questionários traduzidos (GERD-HRQL, HBQOL e GSAS) realizada em relação aos instrumentos genérico SF-36 e sintomático ESDRGE (SQGERD). Resultados -A adaptação cultural implicou na troca de quatro palavras no GERD-HRQL, seis no HBQOL e nove no GSAS. Posteriormente a esta fase, o questionário GSAS foi abandonado por problemas no cálculo do escore, sendo as propriedades de medidas testadas nos dois questionários remanescentes, esses se mostraram reprodutíveis para uso inter e intra-observador com valores de 0,980 e 0,968, respectivamente, para o GERD-HRQL, e valores que variaram de 0,868 a 0,972, respectivamente, para o HBQOL. O questionário HBQOL demonstrou alta consistência interna (>0,70) para três das quatro dimensões avaliadas (aspecto físico, dor, sono). Os resultados encontrados na fase de validação apresentaram bons níveis de correlação com os questionários SF-36 e ESDRGE (SQGERD). Conclusões -As versões para a língua portuguesa (Brasil) dos instrumentos GERD-HRQL e HBQOL, adaptadas ao padrão cultural brasileiro, configuram-se em opções válidas, confiáveis, com baixo nível de desgaste do paciente e de fácil aplicação para avaliação de qualidade de vida na DRGE em nosso meio. O instrumento HBQOL é a única opção de avaliação multidimensional de qualidade de vida atualmente disponível para uso no Brasil. A versão em português do instrumento GSAS mostrou-se inadequada para avaliação de qualidade de vida na DRGE em nosso meio. DESCRITORES -Qualidade de vida. Refluxo ...
The presence of the family during cardiorespiratory resuscitation efforts has been reported for more than twenty years and, despite a lack of strong evidence of its benefit, the tendency to not permit this practice has been observed. The aim of this review is to identify studies in the global literature performed about the experiences and opinions of nurses and other health professionals regarding the presence of the family during intra hospital cardiorespiratory arrest. An integrative review according to steps suggested by G among was conducted that enabled the identification of four hundred and one articles, of which fourteen were selected. These are indexed in LILACS, IBECS and MEDLINE databases, using the keywords "family," "cardiorespiratory arrest," "cardiopulmonary resuscitation" and "health professionals". The analyses unit used was the theme and the categorizations were given by: health professionals experiences and opinions relationship aspect regarding the presence of the family during the cardiorespiratory arrest attendance. In 57.1% of the selected studies, the professionals responding experienced a call to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with family presence on site. Only two articles (14.2%) reported that professionals were in favor of family presence during CPR, while 57.1% were against this practice; among these were most professionals from Asian countries. It was concluded that the majority of studies are against the presence of the family during cardiorespiratory arrest although there is a trend to implement this practice, the majority of professionals are not supportive, at the same time, they coexist with the practice. Thus, research in every continents that exploring the experiences and attitudes of family members, nurses and other health professionals can broaden the understanding on the subject, as well as provide best health polices practices available for implementation in all attendance services.
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