=> -c =-t q In ** q-c t*8t8 , howevu , ahanges am mare pronouwod in ehortu rcaation tbao. It is well doaumatod by laboratoryqnd fhld data In on. oaso tlm oil viscogitywas lowered 20 tithat be8idoB phyaieal ohargu suah qm viwomity mm q reduotionwith tqraturo apd qteu mutilation, the atom injoatiompromana arm q campanied by INTROWCTIOM ohmiacl reaotionswhich, qs it haa been the aaea in tha M-6 staaa &Lve proj9ctin the BolivasCoast 8toaa h jwt%on proaeu.s, both cyolic and drive, of IA. Maracaibo, produco large amounts of q.the moat quccommful dwmad oil roawuy undesirable hydrogenq ulphidagee. Dependingon th~mathpd~, q eaountingfor uound 80 puaent of tho type of crud-qnd on the steam temperature,thay oil producod by BOX pro jwt8 in the U.S.A. qid can qlso produae an irrevumibla inoreaaoor lowu-qlmost 100 pereent of that produced in Venesuola. ing of orudc oil viaaomity.The quaceem of thim proceeeee is mainly the result of phyniaal. phenomena auah q te~rature raiae, 90 in-8itucontrolthe hydrogenq ulphidaproduction visco8ityreduction,qteam distillation, eta. This and to promotethe loweringof the aruda oil viaco-ht,aled to the widely acaepted view that the primnity, it has been proposed to we transition metalm ry, if not mole coneequenaeof injeutinghi@. tarn-8alt8 qolutionaautah aa niakel sulphat.e an additiperaturesteam into haavy oil formation ie"phyeives in steam injeotionprocesaeu. In thin work, we aal$ 1 documentedby laboratory prament the results of an experimental study and 'owaver'ti:al%ri that~team *n,eation field aarriedout to qeaaes khe effeot of using quoh an proaesaes are axno aoaorapariied by ahemiaal qdditivo .reaotionmwhiah ae it waa pointedoil beforeproduae large amountsof ganem and ohangearude oil via-The experimental plan conai8tedof both statia and aoaity. dynamiotemt. The concentration of the molutionwa8 variad to 1,5 wt. t niakel q ulphataqt a temperatu-Hyne 1,2 used the term q quatherwoiy-isto dbsre of 240'C, typiaal of Venezuelanmteam injaation aribe the reaationnoaaurringh the 200% -300°Cprojeats.Raaonatituted and whok sore samplesfrom temperature range,snd whiah may inaludaq aidpolytwo Venezuelanbitumenremervokn were umed.Marination, orqanomulphur aompounda eleavaga due to raaation with water, gae ralease from both the Obtainadreoultschow that the two bitumen q mplefi fluidm and roak matrix, the water gaa mhift undergo aquakhermalymia, in preeenae or qbaenae of reaation qnd hydrotienulphurination.Other reeervoir #and, that remultm with reaonatituted authore5*6~7 have studied the thermal vi8-eand8 are similar to theme obtainedwith who~e oore breakingof hawy O1lR and bitumanmin the 260°Cq amplemqnd that the uma of the additivepromotena 325*c temperaturerange. The8e reaotionm,however, lwarin~in bitumln visaosity, both in qtatio and are not very importantqt tamparaturen below 280'C,
