multidimensional characteristic, which can be translated as crimes, wars and familiar violence, among other possibilities. Furthermore, we also stand out the strong complexity that violence has been considered in several studies, seen as
the pill recently compared to 24.3% which had not (p<0.001, χ 2 test). Conclusions: it was concluded that the beginning of sexual activity was not correlated with ectopia. The prevalence of ectopia was more commom in women under 30 years and/or in use of oral contraceptive.
ResumoInvestigamos os juízos de representação da realidade (JRR) e de valor moral (JVM) de 20 homens homicidas (30 a 49 anos), acerca da razão do crime, à época do homicídio e no momento atual. Realizamos entrevistas individuais e verificamos que: o JRR mais apontado, no presente e no passado, foi a agressão física sofrida, justificada no presente principalmente pelo fato de o agressor ter-se sentido humilhado e, no passado, pelo fato de ter querido vingar-se e pelas características próprias, dele ou da vítima; o JVM mais mencionado no passado foi o de que as razões estavam certas, devido a características dos entrevistados ou das vítimas, pelas humilhações sofridas ou porque precisavam defender uma vida, ao passo que no presente o juízo mais citado pelos entrevistados foi o de que estavam errados os motivos, em face das conseqüências negativas do crime para eles e dos argumentos religiosos. Palavras-chave: Moralidade; homicídio; motivação. AbstractWe investigated the judgment of representation of reality (JRR), and the judgment of moral value (JVM) of 20 homicidal subjects (30 to 49) as to the reasons of the crime, at the time of the homicide and at the present moment. Individual interviews were carried out. We verified that the most indicated JRR, in the present and in the past, was the physical aggression suffered by the aggressor, justified in the present because the aggressor felt humiliated and, in the past, for having wished to take revenge due to his or the victim's characteristics; the most mentioned JVM in the past was that that their reasons were right due to the characteristics of the interviewees or those of the victims, for the humiliations suffered or because they needed to defend a life, whereas in the present, the most cited judgment was that their motives were wrong, in face of the negative consequences, and religious arguments. Keywords: Morality; homicide; motivation.Vários foram os autores que se debruçaram sobre questões atinentes à moralidade humana. No entanto, interessam a este trabalho, em particular, as fundamentações firmadas por Piaget (1932Piaget ( /1994. Em decorrência dessa opção teórica, gostaríamos de assinalar, de passagem, a respeito de como Kant (1785Kant ( /1980Kant ( , 1788Kant ( /1994 parece ter influenciado fundamentalmente os trabalhos desenvolvidos na área da Psicologia da moralidade, com destaque para as duas tendências morais, a heteronomia e a autonomia. Foi assim que, no início do século XX, o epistemólogo suíço Jean Piaget (1932Piaget ( /1994) começou a estudar a construção da moralidade em crianças.Para este autor, o desenvolvimento moral segue uma evolução que passa da moral heterônoma (a consciência moral é externa, imposta pelas autoridades) para a moral autônoma (a consciência moral é individual), sendo que, antes dessas duas etapas, temos o que foi denominado pelo autor por anomia, ou seja, ausência de regras. Vemos que, nesse processo de evolução de uma moral heterônoma para uma autônoma, o tipo de respeito que o sujeito estabelece para com os demais é o que...
Resumo: Investigamos juízos de representação da realidade e valor moral de 20 homens homicidas, com idade variando entre 30 e 49 anos, sobre a ação transgressora acerca do passado e do presente. Realizamos entrevistas individuais, pelo método clínico piagetiano, e verificamos que: o JRR (juízo de representação da realidade) mais citado no passado foi o de que cometeriam novamente o homicídio, pela humilhação sofrida ou pelo sentimento negativo experienciado; no presente mencionaram que não matariam de novo, devido às consequências negativas do crime, às características próprias ou da vítima e ao valor da vida; o JVM (juízo de valor moral) mais mencionado no passado foi o de que a ação seria errada, pelas consequências negativas; no presente todos julgaram como errado o homicídio cometido, devido às consequências negativas, ao valor atribuído à vida e a motivos religiosos. Esperamos que essas discussões possibilitem maior compreensão do sujeito homicida, para que princípios universais, como o respeito à vida, possam ser considerados e ensinados.Palavras-chave: moral, transgressão, homicídio.Morality and homicide: a study about the transgressor's action Abstract: We investigated the judgments of representation of reality (JRR) and judgment of moral value (JMV) about transgressing actions, concerning the past and present time, of 20 homicidal men aged between 30 and 49 years. Individual interviews using the clinical piagetian method were carried out and the following were verified: the most cited JRR in the past was the one that they would commit the homicide again, due the suffered humiliation or the experienced negative feeling; in the present they reported they would not kill again due to the crime negative consequences, to their own or the victim's characteristics and life's value; the JMV most mentioned in the past was the one that the action would be wrong due the negative consequences; in the present all of them considered wrong the committed homicides due to the negative consequences, value attributed to life and religious reasons. We expect that this discussion permit a deeper understanding of the homicidal individual so that universal principles such as respect for life can be taught and taken into consideration.Keywords: morality, transgression, homicide. Moralidad y homicidio: un estudio sobre la acción del transgresorResumen: Investigamos juicios de representación de la realidad y valor moral de 20 hombres homicidas, con edades entre 30 y 49 años, sobre la acción transgresora, acerca del pasado y del presente. Realizamos entrevistas individuales, por el método clínico piagetiano, y verificamos que: el JRR (juicios de representación de la realidad) más citado en el pasado fue que cometerían nuevamente el homicidio, por la humillación sufrida o por el sentimiento negativo experimentado; en el presente mencionaron que no matarían nuevamente, debido a las consecuencias negativas del crimen, a las características propias o de la víctima y al valor de la vida; el JVM (juicios de valor moral) más mencionado e...
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) became a critical health issue with the emergence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the 1980s. Four clinical-epidemiological forms of KS have been described: classical KS, endemic KS, iatrogenic KS, and AIDS-associated KS. In 1994, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) or human herpesvirus type 8 was identified by Chang and colleagues, and has been detected worldwide at frequencies ranging from 80 to 100%. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of KSHV infection in KS lesions from HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients in Brazil, as well as to review the current knowledge about KS transmission and detection. For these purposes, DNA from 51 cases of KS was assessed by PCR: 20 (39.2%) cases of classical KS, 29 (56.9%) of AIDS-associated KS and 2 (3.9%) of iatrogenic KS. Most patients were males (7.5:1, M/F), and mean age was 47.9 years (SD = ± 18.7 years). As expected, HIV-positive KS patients were younger than patients with classical KS. On the other hand, patients with AIDS-associated KS have early lesions (patch and plaque) compared to classical KS patients (predominantly nodular lesions). This is assumed to be the result of the early diagnose of KS in the HIVpositive setting. KSHV infection was detected by PCR in almost all cases (48/51; 94.1%), irrespectively of the clinical-epidemiological form of KS. These results show that KSHV is associated with all forms of KS in Brazilian patients, a fact that supports the role of this virus in KS pathogenesis. Correspondence
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