The present investigation demonstrates the development of highly concentrated CAR liquid micellar formulation. The improvement on drug oral bioavailability contributes to the potential of this NMs formulation to enhance CAR paediatric treatment.
Review β-blockers play a central role in the treatment of the various main cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, coronary artery disease and systolic heart failure. As a therapeutic class, β-blockers form a heterogeneous family that differs in their pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties, highlighting the relevance of the extensive evaluation of PK/PD properties of these agents in order to optimize the outcomes of the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Preclinical and clinical studies using PK/PD models have been able to identify different factors associated with cardiovascular response of β-blockers, including age, pharmaceutical formulation and genetic polymorphism, among others. PK/PD modeling of β-blockers can also be attractive for the early detection of poor responders and the optimization of dose regimen in their different indications.
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