The production of cheeses from unpasteurized milk is still widespread in Brazil, even with a legal ban imposed on its marketing. The manufacture of this cheese is a public health problem, due to the use of raw milk and the poor hygienic conditions throughout the supply chain process. Contamination may occur from several sources and involve several different pathogenic microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli. The latter can cause different clinical manifestations depending on the pathotype involved. Furthermore, some isolates manifest antimicrobial resistance and may be a risk for public health. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the presence of potentially pathogenic E. coli in raw-milk cheese in Brazil and their possible risk to public health. A total of 83 cheeses were collected from three different cities and 169 E. coli isolates were characterized for the presence of enteropathogenic E. coli, Shigatoxigenic E. coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) virulence genes, phylogenetic type, antimicrobial resistance, O serogroup, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The number of samples positive for E. coli was highest in Aracaju (90.32%, 28/31). The prevalence of samples positive for potential ExPEC genes was similar for Uberaba and Aracaju (23.07%); the most prevalent ExPEC virulence genes were tsh, iucD, and papC. Isolates from Uberaba had a higher prevalence of resistance to tetracycline (38.46%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (58.85%), and ampicillin (61.54%) than the other cities. Overall, antimicrobial resistance genes tetB, blaTEM, and blaCMY-2 were the most prevalent genes (26.32%, 15.79%, and 28.95%, respectively) and the most prevalent serotypes were O4 (8%), 018 (12%), and O23 (8%). Clones originating from the same regions and from different regions were observed. These results emphasize the presence of a potential danger for humans in the consumption of raw-milk cheeses in three cities in Brazil due to the presence of antimicrobial resistance, which should be monitored.

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5 Centro Universitário para o Desenvolvimento do Alto do Vale do Itajaí. Rio do Sul. Brasil. REVISÃO Palavras chave adicionais Canino. Índice glicêmico. Qualidade fecal. Saude intestinal.resUMo Além da função nutricional, o amido desempenha importante papel no processamento do alimento extrusado para cães. Por outro lado, grandes modificações ocorreram nos últimos tempos no que concerne ao conhecimento do papel dos carboidratos na nutrição e saúde tanto de humanos quanto demais espécies animais. Durante muitos anos acreditou-se na completa digestão e absorção do amido no intestino delgado, no entanto, sabe-se atualmente que uma parcela do amido pode resistir à ação de enzimas digestivas sendo, portanto, denominado de amido resistente (AR). O AR pode provir tanto por interferência no processamento do amido, quanto de fontes comerciais obtidas por processo patenteado ou naturais, por exemplo, alguns vegetais que o contém em altas concentrações. Em diversas espécies de animais estudadas foram atribuídos vários benefícios fisiológicos e/ou metabólicos ao AR, tais como: a melhora na resposta glicêmica e insulinêmica; melhora no perfil lipídico; a redução no valor calórico dos alimentos; o aumento da saciedade e absorção de micronutrientes; além de agir como prebiótico considerado promotor da saúde do trato gastrintestinal. Entretanto, para a espécie canina poucos os trabalhos enfatizaram o tema. Deste modo, o foco principal desta revisão foi a compilação de estudos a fim de obter melhor entendimento dos efeitos biológicos diferenciados atribuídos ao AR e seu potencial como componente nas dietas para cães.inforMation Cronología del artículo.Recibido/

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory alterations and hepatic lesions caused by the intake of Crotalaria spectabilis in sheep. Fifteen ewes (unknown breed) were used, which were allocated into three groups of 5 animals. These groups received milled C. spectabilis seeds in their feed over 28 days, with inclusion rates of 0.4% (G1), 0.6% (G2) and 1% (G3). Blood samples and hepatic biopsies for histology were drawn at: T0 (day before the seeds were included in the diet), T1 (7 days after the seeds were included), T2 (14 days), T3 (21 days) and T4 (28 days). The results were submitted to variance analysis (ANOVA) using Statistical Analysis System software (SAS), and differences between the means were compared by the Tukey posttest (p < 0.05). Only one animal from G3 presented clinical signs of intoxication at T3. The results from the hematological parameters were within the normal range for this species. Serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine phosphokinase(CK) did not show significant differences among the groups, whereas gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity was significantly different between G1 (33.66 ± 25.8 U/L) and G2 (67.3 ± 14.8 U/L) at T0. Ultrasonography evaluationrevealed hepatic alterations throughout the experimental period, which was confirmed by histology. Therefore, analyses of hemogram and hepatic function alone do not have diagnostic value for C. spectabillis intoxication in sheep, and it is necessary to perform additional tests, such as ultrasonography and percutaneous liver biopsies.