The study focuses on the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Military Higher Education, delimited to the present moment and to the current professors and students of the Military University Institute. This study aims to analyse the relationship between ICT and teaching and learning methodologies in the context of professional military education, with emphasis on the concept of innovation in the classroom, on teaching and learning styles and on the role of ICTs in learning. The study is based on a mixed research strategy combining deductive and inductive approaches, materialized in a case study, with data collected through questionnaires, interviews and documentary analysis. This article focuses on the conceptual framework and its interconnection with the methodological strategy for the empirical study. The results presented refer to the pilot validation test of the data collection instruments and indicate that, in general, students and teachers share the Volume 24 Number 2 https://doi.org/10.35467/sdq/108668 same teaching-learning styles and both students and teachers show a good propensity to use ICT in the classroom.

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The paintings are part of the permanent exhibition of the National Museum of Contemporary Art (Chiado Museum) in Lisbon. Even though well-known, some of these painters' works were never previously subjected to material study. The characterization of the painting materials was performed using an optical microscope LEICA DM2500M, a scanning electron microscope of variable vacuum HITACHI 3700N coupled with an energydispersive X-R spectrometer BRUKER Xflash 5010SDD, a µ-Raman HORIBA Xplora coupled with an Olympus BX41 microscope and a µ-FTIR Nicolet Nexus 670 FTIR with Continuum IR microscope. The study allowed the characterization of the several ground layers (Fig. 1) including thickness and materials, and its distinction by painter. Although the ground layers present some similarities, such as the presence of coarse calcite and lead white, they are quite diverse concerning their thickness, number and their content with typical variation of barium white and zinc white, used as fillers, and other impurities in different percentages. Barium white -known since the beginning of the century -is the filler by excellence, followed by calcite and kaolin. Nevertheless, zinc white -known since 1834 as pigment -was only used in the ground layer by one painter showing, thus, how slow the use and replacement of new materials by painters can be.