Purpose -This article aims to explore how organizational architecture (OA) for an information technology organization can balance between exploring new information technologies (IT) that promise significant but uncertain growth opportunities, and exploiting already existing IT that guarantee immediate survival. Design/methodology/approach -The literature on organizational architecture (OA) and the balance between the exploitation and exploration of knowledge is reviewed. Data collected from in-depth case study of a global IT consulting firm highlights the importance of OA in balancing exploitation and exploration. Findings -Four elements of OA emerged as critical in balancing exploitation and exploration: embedding autonomous exploratory units within large exploitative sectors; creating organizational roles to integrate between exploration and exploitation; developing technology solutions that support the interplay between exploitation and exploration; and establishing a reward structure that fosters the cooperation between exploring and exploitative agents. Practical implications -Results of the study suggest that the switch between exploration and exploitation is key to emerging dynamic capabilities in IT firms. It is important for organizations to define: strategic goals that highlight the importance of both exploration and exploitation for the organization; roles that specifically focus on exploration, exploitation and the coordination between the two capabilities, technologies that support both exploration and exploitation; and reward both capabilities. These four elements of the architecture interact together to support a structure of large exploitative units with embedded small explorative units to support recombination and innovation at the project, the department, and the organization levels. Originality/value -There is limited research on the effect of organizational design on IT development capabilities. Organizational architecture that balances between exploiting stable domain knowledge and emerging new technologies is crucial in today's global and competitive environment. In this study, a new framework emerges that provides a starting point for future quantitative research on how OA can balance conflicting organizational capabilities for firms engaging in IT development. The paper provides a foundation for future studies to test five propositions on the effect of strategy, structure, roles, technology, and reward on the dynamic capabilities of exploitation and exploration.

She teaches courses in Correctional Systems & Practices and Cybercrime in face-to-face and online settings. Her immediate research interests are cyberbullying and reentry programs with evidence-based practices leading to lower recidivism rates. Dr. Tsado's other research interests include determining the process of making educational institutions Centers of Academic Excellence (CAE) within the United States. This is tied to her dissertation titled, Analysis of Cybersecurity Threats and Vulnerabilities: Skills Gap Challenges and Professional Development" which focuses on the cybersecurity skills gap and the pipeline deficiency that has developed as a result. Dr. Tsado is interested in research about educational and professional development opportunities that are available to students as a result of the cybersecurity skills gap in the United States.

Extant literature on felon disenfranchisement has generally focused on the justicity of disallowing felons to vote and its implications for social stratification in the United States. Punishment for crimes does not often end with sentence completion. Post-conviction restrictions block felons' access to economic, social, and political opportunities long after they have paid for their crimes. Some studies have demonstrated that felon disenfranchisement affects the African American community disproportionately. However, there is a paucity of studies on the study of the possible effects of felon disenfranchisement on election outcomes. During presidential elections, millions of Americans with felony convictions are denied the right to vote. It is estimated that up to five million felons were denied the right to vote in the 2020 presidential election. This paper examines how felon disenfranchisement might affect presidential election outcomes and its danger to equal citizenship and democracy.

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D r. Daniel P. Mears crafted a compelling argument in his book Out-of-control criminal justice: The systems improvement solution for more safety, justice, accountability, and efficiency (2017) for the necessity of making fundamental structural changes in the American criminal justice system by taking a systems improvement solution approach. Daniel Mears, the Mark Stafford Professor of Criminology at Florida State University and a fellow of the American Society of Criminology, won the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences Outstanding Book Award in 2019 for this contribution to the field of criminal justice. He has written many articles, authored a book titled American criminal justice policy: An evaluation approach to increasing accountability and effectiveness (2010), and coauthored a book titled Prisoner reentry in the era of mass incarceration (2014). Mears has an extensive career in criminal justice research, making his book a worthy contribution to the field.Mears's (2017) main recommendation was adopting a systems approach to improve the criminal justice system, one that utilizes data, information, and empirical research to make criminal justice policy changes by examining the system as a whole. Other recommendations were that hierarchical evaluation is necessary to determine needs, theory, implementation, impact, and cost-efficiency; Mears inferred that these evaluations will help provide the foundations of a cost-efficient evidence-based system that addresses crime and justice policy. He reiterated that the systems approach, rather than a series of single policy evaluations, is vital for success, and emphasized a need for the research and policy-making processes to be linked. However, to ensure the effectiveness of these different types of evaluations, the systems analysis approach is critical because it allows all different parts of the system to work together cohesively. Content oveRviewIn his 304-page book, Mears laid out these arguments in seven chapters. The out-ofcontrol criminal justice system was described in Chapter 1, outlining the four goals of the criminal justice system as safety, justice, accountability, and efficiency. The book centered on the importance of these goals and how they can be used to improve America's criminal justice system by using a holistic rather than a piecemeal approach. Mears stated that the problem was the lack of empirical research at all levels of government, coupled with the fact that policymakers ignore research when making criminal justice policy decisions and 997528C JBXXX10.