Cellulase, an enzymatic complex that synergically promotes the degradation of cellulose to glucose and cellobiose, free or adsorbed onto Si/SiO(2) wafers at 60°C has been employed as catalyst in the hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel), microcrystalline cellulose pre-treated with hot phosphoric acid (CP), cotton cellulose (CC) and eucalyptus cellulose (EC). The physical characteristics such as index of crystallinity (I(C)), degree of polymerization (DP) and water sorption values were determined for all samples. The largest conversion rates of cellulose into the above-mentioned products using free cellulase were observed for samples with the largest water sorption values; conversion rates showed no correlation with either I(C) or DP of the biopolymer. Cellulose with large water sorption value possesses large pore volumes, hence higher accessibility. The catalytic efficiency of immobilized cellulase could not be correlated with the physical characteristics of cellulose samples. The hydrolysis rates of the same cellulose samples with immobilized cellulase were lower than those by the free enzyme, due to the diffusion barrier (biopolymer chains approaching to the immobilized enzyme) and less effective contact between the enzyme active site and its substrate. Immobilized cellulase, unlike its free counterpart, can be recycled at least six times without loss of catalytic activity, leading to higher overall cellulose conversion.
Ao Prof. Omar, por toda a dedicação, conselhos e ensinamentos que contribuíram para a minha vida profissional e pessoal. Aos grandes amigos Cesar e Shirley pela ajuda no projeto, carinho, ombro amigo, bagunças, risadas e amizade verdadeira. A Valdinéia pelos estudos intermináveis, confissões, companheirismo, café, mais café e principalmente pela amizade. As amigas Maria Luiza e Paula pelos conselhos e ajudas. A todos do laboratório Paulinho, Priscilla, Clarissa, Bruno, Carina, Romeu, pelas contribuições diretas e indiretas para este trabalho. Aos meus alunos de iniciação científica Rodrigo, Daniella e Camila pela dedicação, paciência e ajuda. Ao prof. Thomas Heinze por me proporcionar a oportunidade de desenvolver meu projeto e aprender em seu laboratório em Jena-Alemanha. Aos funcionários do IQ-USP, principalmente ao pessoal da Central Analítica e secretaria de pós-graduação deste Instituto pela atenção dedicada. À FAPESP pelo apoio e pela bolsa de estudo concedida. À minha família maravilhosa que me apoiou sempre.....
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