The study of the behavioral aspects of households in the field of energy conservation is one of the activities of the global energy policy. From this perspective, the topic of the article is relevant. The purpose of the study is to consider the theoretical and methodological basis for studying the transformation of energy-saving behavior of a household in the context of the introduction of digital and nature-like technologies. The authors, based on the use of provisions (neoclassicism, institutionalism and Keynesianism), investigated the essence and manifestations of energy-saving behavior of a household in such conditions. For a deeper study, an analysis of organizational forms, institutional infrastructure, technical and technological relations arising in the process of energy consumption is proposed. Based on this analysis, a number of results have been obtained. The very concept of “energy” is used in a broad sense, as consisting of many of its types and used in consumption by households. The overall result of the study is the provision that the energy-saving behavior of households should be investigated in a comprehensive manner with the integration of various theoretical concepts. In the absence of such an integrated approach, the energy-saving process at the household level will be divided into different actions, including contradictory or even opposite ones, which will affect the effectiveness of the government measures taken.