Purpose Utilizing organizational support theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine the mediation effect of perceived organizational support (POS) on the relationship between ethical leadership and citizenship behavior, and investigate the moderating effect of ethnic dissimilarity in the research model. Design/methodology/approach Using a self-administered questionnaire, data were collected from 294 academics of private universities in China, Malaysia and Thailand. The collected data were analyzed using partial least squares path modeling technique on R platform. Findings The study found that ethical leadership is significantly and positively related to POS, which, in turn, related to both distinct dimensions of organizational citizenship behaviors – individual and organization. However, further analysis reveals that ethnic dissimilarity does moderate the hypothesized relationships in the research model, in which POS is found to have a mediation effect in the heterogeneous sample but not in the homogeneous sample in terms of ethnic dissimilarity. Originality/value To the best knowledge of the researchers, this study is among the first few research works examining the interrelationships of ethical leadership, POS, and citizenship behavior in terms of individual and organizational. Moreover, this is one of the earliest studies to examine the concepts in two different samples in terms of ethnic dissimilarity.

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The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has devastated Malaysian food and beverage industry immensely. This case study investigates the business challenges faced by a domestic fast-food restaurant amid COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, this case study also dwells into the functional levels (i.e., marketing, operation, and human resource) of the business. Qualitative approach was adopted in this case study by conducting in-depth interviews with the restaurant's founder. Furthermore, we also obtained relevant information about the restaurant from the company's website, internet, and newspaper reports. Additionally, we find that COVID-19 pandemic has significant and profound impacts on the functional levels of the restaurant. Business and managerial implications are also being discussed in this case study to benefit businesses in the same industry.

PurposeThis study examines the mediating effect of self-efficacy between perceived organizational support (POS) and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) organization (OCBO); and POS and OCB individual (OCBI) in a cross-cultural context.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 207 full-time academics from the private universities in Malaysia and Mainland China using a questionnaire survey.FindingsThe results indicate that self-efficacy is a salient mediator linking POS with OCBI and OCBO. Additionally, ethnic dissimilarity is found to have a contextual influence on the research model as the results reveal that self-efficacy only mediates the relationship between POS and OCBO but not between POS and OCBI in a heterogeneous society. In contrast, self-efficacy is found to mediate the relationships between POS and OCBO and between POS and OCBI in a homogeneous society.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by being one of the first studies that examine the relationship between self-efficacy and two dimensions of OCB in two different cultural contexts.