Peranan vitamin D pada patofisiologi obesitas masih menjadi pro dan kontra di kalangan ilmuwan. Hubungan antara obesitas dengan rendahnya konsentrasi 25 (OH) D3 tampaknya sudah sangat jelas, meskipun mekanisme mengenai rendahnya konsentrasi 25 (OH) D3 masih belum jelas, begitu pula akibat yang ditimbulkan dari rendahnya kadar 25(OH) D3 tersebut. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana metabolism vitamin D yang terjadi pada tubuh penderita obes, sehingga dapat menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya defisiensi vitamin D pada obesitas. Adapun metode penulisannya adalah melalui studi literatur artikel tentang defisiensi vitamin D pada obesitas yang terbit dari tahun 2010-2017. Ada dua teori yang menjelaskan rendahnya kadar vitamin D pada orang obesitas yaitu: teori sekuestrasi dan teori degradasi. Teori Sekuestrasi: menyatakan bahwa individu obese mengalami kegagalan dalam mengkonversi pre vitamin D menjadi vitamin D di jaringan kulitnya, di mana jaringan lemak yang berlebih yang dapat menyita vitamin yang larut dalam lemak sehingga kadar serum 25(OH)D3 menjadi rendah. Teori Degradasi: menyatakan bahwa banyaknya jaringan lemak akan merangsang infiltrasi dari sel-sel imun yang teraktivasi akan menyebabkan inflamasi jaringan adipose dan penurunan (degradasi) vitamin D, yang menyebabkan turunnya kadar vitamin D pada kasus obesitas. Disimpulkan bahwa obesitas berhubungan dengan rendahnya kadar vitamin D yang rendah di dalam tubuh, teori sekuestrasi dan teori degradasi menjelaskan rendahnya kadar vitamin D pada orang obesitas.Kata kunci: Defisiensi Vitamin D, Teori sekuestrasi dan degradasi, Obesitas.

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One of the efforts to prevent the overreaching condition is by doing a recovery phase after exercise. The quality and quantity of recovery influence the effectiveness of recovery. The effectiveness of recovery can be observed by heart rate and body temperature after recovery. This study aims to compare active recovery and passive recovery after moderate-intensity continuous training on heart rate and body temperature. The research method used is quasi-experimental and uses a two-group pre and post-test design. Based on the Pocock formula, the research subjects used were 40 women aged 24 years to 35 years. The data collected include heart rate and body temperature. The data analysis techniques used were normality test, treatment effect test (paired sample t-test), and difference test (independent samples t-test). The results showed that active recovery was better than passive recovery to optimizing post-exercise heart rate (p<0.05). Active recovery was better than passive recovery in optimizing body temperature (p<0.05). It was concluded that active recovery after moderate-intensity continuous training was better than passive recovery to optimize post-exercise recovery and prevent overreaching.

Futsal is a sport that is popular in the community in performed in many groups, from young children to adults. Futsal is a game that is almost the same as soccer, and now futsal is an international sport, the impact of the entire country playing futsal. This study aims to determine the zig-zag run dribbling training and shuttle run dribbling training equally well in improving Dwijendra Denpasar's high school futsal dribbling skills. This study used an experimental research design Randomized pretest-posttest control group design involving 22 extracurricular swimming students, aged 16-17 years who had good physical fitness. The research subjects were divided into two groups using simple random allocation techniques. Group I was given zig-zag run dribbling training and Group II was given dribbling shuttle run training with the frequency of exercise 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Research shows that the average speed of futsal dribbling in Group I is 23.16 ± 2.7 seconds increasing to 17.36 ± 2.29 seconds and in Group II it is 22.54 ± 2.62 seconds increasing to 18.45 ± 2.20 seconds with a value of p < 0 ,05. This means that there has been a significant and significant increase in training after training. It can be concluded that zig-zag run dribbling training and shuttle run dribbling training are equally good at increasing Dwijendra Denpasar's high school futsal ball speed.Keywords: Zig-zag Run Dribbling, Shuttle Run Dribbling, Speed of herding Futsal Balls

Novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused more than 2,38 million deaths and more than 108 million cases confirmed in one year of the pandemic are massive upheavals in social life and economy in the international world. An effective vaccine is needed to prevent further morbidity and mortality. This research aims to identify the challenge in implementing mass vaccination in Indonesia which is related to the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine. We retrieve sources from relevant and published articles in Google Scholar, Pubmed, DOAJ and Science Direct of articles up to January 2021. The keywords used for gathering information were listed below. Vaccine efficacy is defined as the proportional reduction of a disease case in a group of vaccinated participants compared with unvaccinated participants. The study of vaccine efficacy is a cohort study that is an important vaccine trial method in the field. It is conducted randomly on a large scale by using a control-placebo. During the trials, the country which used the vaccine needs to maintain and observe the vaccine epidemiology. A trial roadmap is expected to identify the condition of the area epidemiologically. Vaccine efficacy is essential to be observed before implementing the vaccine in society. However, intensive socialization about the advantage of vaccines is mainly needed to prevent irrelevant information in social media about mass vaccination.