No abstract

The health benefits of physical activity (PA) are widely recognized; however, biological maturation contributions are a subject that has been little studied, which is why the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a six-week training program at moderate-intensity on the muscular strength and aerobic capacity in children between nine and 13 years (13 ± 1.0 years) according to their maturation state. Twenty-six schoolchildren (15 girls) participated in a six-week physical exercise program based on aerobic/anaerobic capacity and coordination skills. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), trunk-lift, push-ups, curl-ups, and handgrip strength (both hands) were measured as response variables. Body mass index (BMI), skeletal maturity indicator (SMI), peak height velocity (PHV), age on peak height velocity (APHV) and sex were considered as covariates. The results of VO2max, push-ups, curl-ups, and handgrip strength were higher after the exercise program in the whole group (p < 0.05). The VO2max showed a greater increase in the normal-weight than in the overweight-obesity children (p = 0.001). Higher results in dominant handgrip strength were observed in girls (p = 0.003). The PHV before intervention presented a positive correlation with the dominant handgrip strength in all kids (r = 0.70, p = 0.001). As a conclusion, the six-week training program improved the physical fitness of children independent of the maturation state. Somatic maturation increases the physical abilities in schoolchildren.

El presente estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas propuestos por Rodríguez-Villalobos, Viciana, Tristán y Blanco (2017) para el Autoinforme de Barreras para la Práctica de Ejercicio Físico (ABPEF-M) en hombres y mujeres deportistas universitarios. La muestra total fue de 413 universitarios mexicanos deportistas 174 mujeres y 239 hombres, con edades comprendidas entre 18-26 años (M = 20.76; DE = 2.06). La estructura factorial del cuestionario se analizó mediante análisis factoriales confirmatorios. Los análisis, muestran que una estructura tetrafactorial (imagen corporal, fatiga, obligaciones y ambiente) es viable y adecuada tanto para la muestra total como para las poblaciones de hombres y mujeres. La estructura de cuatro factores, atendiendo a criterios estadísticos y sustantivos, ha mostrado adecuados indicadores de ajuste de fiabilidad y validez. Además, la estructura factorial, las cargas factoriales y los interceptos se consideran invariantes de acuerdo al género; sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias entre hombres y mujeres deportistas en cuanto su percepción sobre la presencia de barreras en las cuatro dimensiones estudiadas. The aim of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties proposed by Rodríguez-Villalobos et al. (2017) for the Barriers for the Practice of Physical Activity Scale (ABPEF-M) in university athletes  mens and women. The total sample has been composed by 413 Mexican university athletes, 174 women and 239 mens, with ages from 18-26 years (M = 20.76, SD = 2.06). The factor structure of questionnaire has been analized through the confirmatory factor analysis. This analysis shows that a tetrafactorial structure (body image, fatigue, obligations, and environment) is viable and adequate for the total sample and the populations of mens and woman. The four factors structure, according to statistical and substantive criteria, has shown adequate indicators of reliability and validity adjustment. On the other hand, the factorial structure, the factorial loads and the intercepts are considered invariant according to the variable gender; however, no differences were found between mens and women athletes in their perception of the presence of barriers in the four dimensions studied. O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a estructura e invariância de gênero Auto-relato de Barreiras à Prática de Exercício Físico (ABPEF-M) proposto por Rodríguez-Villalobos et al. (2017) em atletas universitários mexicanos. A amostra total foi de 413 atletas mexicanos universitários, 174 mulheres e 239 homens, com idades entre 18-26 anos (M = 20.76; DP = 2.06). A estrutura fatorial do questionário foi analisada por análises fatoriais confirmatórias. Os resultados mostraram que uma estrutura de quatro fatores (imagem corporal/ ansiedade social físico, fadiga/ preguiça, obrigações/ falta de tempo, e meio ambiente/ instalações) é viável e adequado tanto para a amostra total e para as populações de homens e mulheres. Com base em critérios estatísticos e substantivos, a estrutura de quatro fatores mostrou adequada confiabilidade e validade dos indicadores de ajuste. Além disso, a estrutura fatorial, as cargas fatoriais e os interceptos eram invariantes de acordo com o gênero. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre atletas homens e mulheres na sua percepção da presença de barreiras nas quatro dimensões estudadas.

Wildfires are a common phenomenon globally, nonetheless some ecosystems are more adapted than others. In this work, we show results of a study conducted in Torres del Paine National Park (Chile) that suffered a big forest fire in 2011, affecting 17,666 ha. The Park is located in the transitional forest-steppe zone whose annual rainfall varies between 300 and 1,500 mm. Plant communities goes from Patagonian steppe, pre-Andean scrub to Magellanic forest. Based on vegetation community and trying to cover all representative sectors affected by the fire, 5 areas of the park were sampled in 2019 following the transects where a vegetation recovery study has been monitored since the fire occurred. Soil parameters used to evaluate were: texture, soil water repellency (WR), organic matter (OM), and aggregation, including total content of macroaggregates (TCA) and their stability (AS). The results showed high values of OM, however three of the 5 areas showed statistically lower values of OM in burned samples. WR was present (from slight to severe) in the 75% of the samples, and without differences between burned and unburned. The correlations analyses indicated that WR is more related with the OM type than with quantity, since better correlations were obtained when only samples from the same area were included in the analyses. The results of aggregation indicated that soils have a poor structural development. The TCA varies from 16 to 50%, and the AS is not very high (average of 66%), being the highest in the area with lowest TCA and more affected by the fire and erosion processes. This suggests that the higher values of AS are a consequence of the destruction and loss of the less resistant fraction after the fire. The combination of the high sand content (low specific surface area) and high OM make them very susceptible to develop WR. Since these soils have a scarce development with a poor structure, the combination of the WR and the poor soil structure make them very vulnerable to erosion processes after the fire. Measures to protect the soils or accelerate the recovery are recommended in these areas when new human caused wildfires could occur.

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