WO x /TiO 2 catalysts were synthesized by impregnating aqueous (NH 4 ) 2 WO 4 on hydrous titania nanotubes. The materials were annealed in air at 500 °C and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); their catalytic activity was evaluated in the oxidation reaction of dibenzothiophene (DBT). After annealing at 500 °C, the structure of the support transformed from orthorhombic, with nanotubular morphology, to tetragonal, yielding anatase nanoparticles decorated by tungsten nanoparticles on its surface. During this transformation, the nanotubes released residual Na + ions from the interlayer space, which reacted with tungstate species to change the W coordination from octahedral to tetrahedral, yielding e1 nm Na x (WO 4 ) nanoparticles on the surface of anatase TiO 2 . These nanoparticles were highly active for the DBT oxidation, showing a linear dependence on the W surface density at concentrations below 6.9 W/nm 2 . In TiO 2 oversaturated with tungsten nanoparticles, the intrinsic kinetic velocity (r DBT ) of the DBT oxidation reached its maximum value; 6.9 W /nm 2 is then the optimum surface density concentration to attain a high catalytic activity in the DBT oxidation.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.