A medicina legal praticada em São Paulo dos anos 30 estava impregnada de teses biodeterministas. Buscando harmonizar corpo e trabalho, os profissionais da área objetivavam racionalizar tanto o «tratamento» de delinqüentes, quanto a produtividade e disciplina fabris. Por isso, um dos eixos centrais de seu discurso era o tema do trabalho. O presente artigo analisa o conteúdo deste discurso.PALABRAS CLAVE: Medicina legal, criminología, trabajo, antropología criminal, Brasil. SUMMARYThe legal medicine practised in São Paulo in the years 1930 was deeply influenced by biodeterminism theses. In an attempt to harmonise body and work, professionals in the area aimed at rationalising the «therapeutic treatment» of delinquents, as well as the factory discipline and productivity. Thus one of the main points in their discourse was the theme related to work. The present article analyses the content of such a discourse.
Cómo citar este artículo/Citation: Ferla, Luis (2014), "La pericia médico legal como forma de producir la verdad y sus adversarios en los tribunales brasileños de entreguerras", Asclepio, 66 (2): p052. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2014.16 RESUMEN: La pericia médico legal confería impacto social a las tesis de la criminología positivista de orientación biodeterminista que ejerció gran influencia en el Brasil de entreguerras. Esa pericia transformaba los conocimientos especializados, o sea, los saberes científicos, en documentos aceptables y eficientes, inteligibles y utilizables. Disciplinaba las relaciones entre derecho y medicina y acababa viabilizando el poder de juzgar. Pero en ese recorrido debía afirmarse contras otras tradiciones y saberes. Sus principales «adversarios» eran: el conocimiento policial producido por constreñimiento del sospechoso del crimen, principalmente a través de tortura; las decisiones tomadas por el tribunal del jurado y la producción de pruebas a partir de las declaraciones de los testigos; y el saber del propio individuo delincuente. Todas estas otras formas de «producir la verdad» tenían en común el hecho de originarse en el mundo indocto, extra científico, lo que acabó constituyendo el principal argumento de los médicos legistas contra ellas. Las reflexiones a continuación se ocupan de las disputas por las prerrogativas en producir la verdad en los espacios institucionales dedicados a combatir el acto antisocial y tratan de demostrar las estrategias del discurso médico-científico para imponerse a las formas legas que con él convivían en esos ambientes.PALABRAS CLAVE: Determinismo Biológico; Historia de la Medicina Legal; Antropología Criminal; Ciencia y Poder; Derecho y Ciencia. ABSTRACT:The medico-legal examination ensured the existence and the social impact of the biological positivist approaches to criminology that gained influence in Brazil during the interwar period. This examination turned scientific knowledge into accepted and acceptable documents that were also intelligible and useful. Examinations were social currencies used to facilitate the relationship between the power and knowledge of legal medicine and criminology. They disciplined the relationship between law and medicine and made feasible the power of judging. However, along the way they had to assert themselves against other traditions and knowledge. Their main «opponents» were the information obtained by the police from an offense or crime suspect through coercion, especially by means of torture; the decisions made by the jury and the evidence obtained from witnesses; and the delinquent's knowledge. What all these forms of «truth production» had in common was their non-expert origin, which became the main argument of forensic medical examiners against them. The aim of this article is to discuss the dispute over the prerogatives to produce the truth in institutional spaces that dealt with combating antisocial acts, and to point out the medico-scientific strategies used to prevail over the lay forms pre...
O mapeamento do patrimônio arqueológico levantado pelo ProjetoPipag se deu com o uso de geotecnologias digitais, mais especificamentepor meio de um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG). O artigo em questãotem o objetivo de discutir a metodologia utilizada para tal, mas não sem antescontextualizá-la a partir de uma abordagem mais geral sobre o impacto, os desafios e as oportunidades colocadas pela presença crescente dessas tecnologiasno ofício do historiador. A experiência, assim relatada, concluiu o artigo, nãoapenas exemplifica a conveniência da tecnologia para a espacialização da pesquisarealizada no âmbito do Pipag, como enfatiza sua capacidade de fazê-la de formaamplamente sinérgica, ao permitir a devida articulação entre as diversas iniciativase investigações envolvidas.
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