No abstract

ResumenExiste poca evidencia del deterioro cognoscitivo que defina el perfil del paciente con Infarto Lacunar (IL). El propósito de este estudio fue identificar las alteraciones neuropsicológicas en este tipo de pacientes. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 16 pacientes con IL y 16 participantes sanos con una edad promedio de 63 ± 9.41 y 64.75 ± 9.06 años y una escolaridad de 7.55 ± 4.34 y 7.94 ± 3.51, respectivamente. Se valoró la función cognoscitiva mediante un instrumento de tamizaje y una batería neuropsicológica. El análisis estadístico se llevó a cabo a través de la prueba Kruskal-Wallis y la U de Man-Whitney. Los pacientes con IL se caracterizan por la alteración de dominios como planeación, fluidez verbal, cambio atencional, habilidad visoconstructiva y velocidad de procesamiento de la información (p < 0.050). El IL se relaciona con el deterioro del funcionamiento ejecutivo y de velocidad de procesamiento, debido a la interrupción de circuitos frontocortico-subcorticales asociados con su correcto desempeño. Palabras clave: Deterioro Cognoscitivo Vascular, cápsula interna, corona radiada, tallo encefálico, infarto cerebral, neuropsicología. NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH PATIENTS WITH LACUNAR INFARCT AbstractThere is little evidence of cognitive impairment to define the profile of patients with Lacunar Infarction (IL). The purpose of this study was to identify the neuropsychological disorders in these patients. The sample consisted of 16 patients with IL and 16 healthy control participants with an average age of 63 ± 9.41 and 64.75 ± 9.06 years, and average schooling of 7.55 ± 4.34 and 7.94 ± 3.51, respectively. Cognitive function was assessed using a screening tool and a neuropsychological battery. Statistical analysis was carried out by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Patients with IL are characterized by the alteration of domains such as planning, verbal fluency, attention switching, visoconstructive skill and information processing speed (p <0.050). The IL is related to the impairment of executive functioning and processing speed, due to the interruption of frontocortico-subcortical circuits associated with their proper performance.

The present work is part of the ongoing project of the NeuroExe: Emotion and Cognition validation and standardization in Northwest Mexico rural areas. The objectives of this study were (1) to analyze the validity of the adapted version of the Risk Behavior Questionnaire (RBq); (2) to construct normative data from the RBq and the Emotionally Interfered Working Memory Task (EIWMT) that can be used in clinical practice; and (3) to use these results to examine the relationship between age and EIWMT ability based on the risk behaviors in a group of healthy adolescents from rural areas. A total of 275 adolescents (M ϭ 14.1 years old), geographically distributed among northwest of Mexico, were included in the sample and assessed using RBq and EIWMT. The results from exploratory factor analysis showed 6 different dimensions compared with other previously reported results from the same instrument: (a) sexual risk behavior and tobacco consumption, (b) weapons use and drug use, (c) marijuana consumption, (d) suicide ideations and drug use, (e) self-injury and sexual risk behavior, and (f) violence and drug use. Results from the EIWMT show age group differences, performance depending on the type of emotional stimuli, and a particular covariance of these differences with sexual risk behavior and tobacco consumption dimensions from the RBq. These results propose data supported on an exploratory factor analysis, and correlations between the performance of emotionally interfered working memory and risk behaviors associated with health in youth, and provide normative data from a neuropsychological emotion-cognition interaction task and risk behaviors for rural populations.

La empatía es una habilidad que permite la identificación e interpretación de experiencias subjetivas de otros. El objetivo de este estudio fue validar el “Cociente de empatía” (CE) en adolescentes mexicanos a partir de una muestra de 573 estudiantes (350 mujeres y 223 hombres) con una edad media de 14,8 años (DT= 1,96). Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio, identificando dos factores, uno con 16 ítems asociados a la dimensión afectiva y otro de 13 ítems con la dimensión cognitiva (índices de bondad de ajuste: GFI= 0,984, RMSEA= 0,034 y RMSR= 0,072). Para evaluar el modelo bifactorial obtenido, se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio, presentando adecuados índices de ajuste (RMSEA= 0,020, RMSR= 0,045, CFI= 0,998, GFI= 0,988). En la consistencia interna se encontró un coeficiente de correlación ω de McDonald de 0,941 para la dimensión afectiva y 0,772 para la dimensión cognitiva (p< 0,001). La validación de este instrumento de empatía apoyará su uso como herramienta de evaluación en investigación clínica en adolescentes mexicanos.

Empathy is a skill that enables the identification with and interpretation of others' subjective experiences. The purpose of this study was to validate the Empathy Quotient (EQ) in adolescents in Mexico. A sample of 573 Mexican adolescent students (350 female and 223 male) with an age range of 12-19 years was employed (Mage= 14.8 years, SD= 1.96). An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out which identified two factors, one with 16 items associated with the affective dimension and one with 13 items related to the cognitive dimension (model fit indices: GFI= .984, RMSEA= .034, and RMSR= .072). To evaluate the resultant bifactor model, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed, showing good fit indexes (RMSEA= .020, RMSR= .045, CFI= .998, GFI= .988). Regarding internal consistency, we found a McDonald's ω correlation coefficient of= .941 for the affective dimension and ω= .772 for the cognitive dimension, with p< .001. The validation of this empathy instrument will support its use as a clinical research assessment tool in Mexican adolescents.