Semantic annotated parallel corpora, though rare, play an increasingly important role in natural language processing. These corpora provide valuable data for computational tasks like sense-based machine translation and word sense disambiguation, but also to contrastive linguistics and translation studies. In this paper we present the ongoing development of a web-based corpus semantic annotation environment that uses the Open Multilingual Wordnet (Bond and Foster, 2013) as a sense inventory. The system includes interfaces to help coordinating the annotation project and a corpus browsing interface designed specifically to meet the needs of a semantically annotated corpus. The tool was designed to build the NTU-Multilingual Corpus (Tan and Bond, 2012). For the past six years, our tools have been tested and developed in parallel with the semantic annotation of a portion of this corpus in Chinese, English, Japanese and Indonesian. The annotation system is released under an open source license (MIT).

We want to show how basic copula clauses in Indonesian can be dealt with within the framework of Head Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) (Pollard & Sag, 1994). We analyzed three types of basic copula clauses in Indonesian: copula clauses with noun phrase complements (NP) expressing the notions of 'proper inclusion' and 'equation', adjective phrases (AP) expressing 'attribution', and prepositional phrases (PP) expressing relationships such as 'location'. Our analysis is implemented in the Indonesian Resource Grammar (INDRA), a computational grammar for Indonesian (Moeljadi et al., 2015).

Wordnets play a central role in many natural language processing tasks. This paper introduces a multilingual editing system for the Open Multilingual Wordnet (OMW: Bond and Foster, 2013). Wordnet development, like most lexicographic tasks, is slow and expensive. Moving away from the original Princeton Wordnet (Fellbaum, 1998) development workflow, wordnet creation and expansion has increasingly been shifting towards an automated and/or interactive system facilitated task. In the particular case of human edition/expansion of wordnets, a few systems have been developed to aid the lexicographers' work. Unfortunately, most of these tools have either restricted licenses, or have been designed with a particular language in mind. We present a webbased system that is capable of multilingual browsing and editing for any of the hundreds of languages made available by the OMW. All tools and guidelines are freely available under an open license.

Computational Grammars can be adapted to detect ungrammatical sentences, effectively transforming them into error detection (or correction) systems. In this paper we provide a theoretical account of how to adapt implemented HPSG grammars for grammatical error detection. We discuss how a single ungrammatical input can be reconstructed in multiple ways and, in turn, be used to provide specific, high-quality feedback to language learners. We then move on to exemplify this with a few of the most common error classes made by learners of Mandarin Chinese. We conclude with some notes concerning the adaptation and implementation of the methods described here in ZHONG, an open-source HPSG grammar for Mandarin Chinese.

Each of you have become an essential part of my life. Near or far, your love and support made even the most difficult days possible.I also want to thank my fellow members of NTU's Computational Linguistics Lab, for their friendship, for serving as inspiration, for sharing their knowledge, and for the many karaoke parties that made our lab feel like a great big family. To Michael, Sanghoun, Zhenzhen, Giulia, David, Mindy, Kuribayashi, Hanah, Siew Yeng. And a special mention to my dear friend Tuấn Anh, my favorite intellectual sparring partner, and his wife, Van, for her lovely friendship and for putting up with our long discussions over so many cups of coffee.I would also like to give a warm thanks to Kodrah Kristang and the Eurasian community in Singapore. It has been a pleasure to dedicate much of my little free time to the revitalization of Kristang in Singapore. Through this beautiful language I've made many friends -Fran, Kevin, Fuad, Andre, Gerald, Cass, Brenda and many others (some of whom have since parted). They have opened their homes and hearts to me, and made Singapore feel like a true home.And my thanks would not be complete without a special mention to my fellow game night companions -Francis, Quen, Hannah, Arthur, Siew Yeng, Mike, Ning, Rachel. Thank you for the friendship, the competition, and for the most fun way of escaping my dissertation when things weren't flowing. You've helped recharge my soul every time it needed it.Finally, this PhD thesis would also not been possible without the help of multiple generous sources of funding. In particular the work presented here received support from: i) my NTU/Singapore MOE Research Scholarship (RSS); ii) the Singapore MOE Tertiary Research Fund entitled Syntactic Well-Formedness Diagnosis and Error-Based Coaching in Computer Assisted Language Learning using Machine Translation Technology; iii) Fuji Xerox Corporation through a joint research project on Multilingual Semantic Analysis; iv) and the 2 EdeX Teaching and Learning Grant administered through NTU's Teaching, Learning and Pedagogy Division.