ResumoOs autores fazem revisão narrativa da literatura. Descrevem aspectos epidemiológicos, biológicos, sociais e psicológicos associados a diferenças devidas ao gênero nas depressões. Existem diversos tipos de diferença entre os sexos quanto a manifestações depressivas, tais como a proporção de distribuição de duas mulheres para um homem nas taxas de prevalência de depressão maior, amplamente descrita e produto de estudos bem conduzidos. Entretanto, permanecem muitas incertezas em aspectos fundamentais desse tema.Palavras-chave: Depressão, diferenças de gênero, aspectos biológicos, aspectos psicossociais. AbstractThe authors perform a narrative review of literature. They describe epidemiological, biological, social, and psychological aspects linked to gender differences in depressions. There are several differences between sexes regarding depressive manifestations such as the prevalence proportion of two women to one man, thoroughly described in the literature and result of well conducted trials. However, a number of uncertainties remain in basic aspects of this subject. Key-words: Depression, gender differences, biological aspects, psychosocial aspects. Introdução A crescente preocupação em produzir informação científica de boa qualidade -que invariavelmente se associa a uma demanda de maior rigor metodológico em pesquisa -tem tornado evidente que ainda há muito o que se descobrir e compreender sobre o universo dos transtornos mentais, e entre estes, as várias formas de depressão. Todavia, com essa tendência, também tem sido possível fundamentar algumas noções que vêm orientando clínicos e pesquisadores no manejo desses problemas. Um exemplo disso é a distinção, entre homens e mulheres, no que concerne às apresentações dos sintomas e síndromes depressivos, assim como seus aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e terapêuticos (Angst et al., 2002;Weissman et al., 1996).

References to studies excluded from this reviewAnderson 1986 {published data only} * Anderson CM, Gri in S, Rossi A, Pagonis I, Holder DP, Treiber R. A comparative study of the impact of education vs. process groups for families of patients with a ective disorders.

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-We report the first episode of Kleine-Levin (KLS) syndrome in a 17-year-old male. The illness onset, clinical features, neuropsychological evaluation and polysomnographic recording are described. Typical symptoms hypersomnia, hyperphagia and sexual disinhibition were observed besides behavioral disturbances, polysonographic and neuropsychological alterations. Behavioral disturbances similar to a manic episode including psychotic symptoms were relevant. The pharmacologic treatment included lithium, methylphenidate and risperidone. The introduction of risperidone aimed the control of psychotic symptoms and the persistent manifestations of hypersexuality after sleepness control and to the best of our knowledge there are no other report regarding risperidone use for KLS in the literature. 8 . This review shows that men were 68% of the cases, the median age of onset was 15 years (range 4-82 years, 81% during the second decade) and the mean duration of syndrome was 8 years 8 . We report the first episode of KLS in a young man. CASEA 17-years-old male student, had no history of previous behavioral alterations or illnesses, except for those that are common in childhood; no use of alcohol or drugs and without family history of mental illness. He perpetrated a sexual attack on a stranger woman in a public place. Minutes later, he presented sleepiness and disorganized thought. He was taken to a hospital and remained there for 3 days. He went through several exams, among them resonance imaging of the head and exam of cerebrospinal fluid; all of them did not show any alterations.The behavioral alterations became more pronounced; he was discharged from the hospital and referred to a psychiatrist, with a provisional diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder. Due to his excessive sleepiness (he slept approximately 21 hours a day on the first days), the psychiatrist rereferred the patient to another neurologist, who put forward the hypothesis of KLS. A polysomnography was carried out and revealed a pattern of low voltage rhythm, with reduced sleep latency and REM latency, and a reduc-