The risk of stunted growth and development is affected by the context in which a child is born and grows. This includes such interdependent influences as the political economy, health and health care, education, society and culture, agriculture and food systems, water and sanitation, and the environment. Here, we briefly review how factors linked with the key sectors can contribute to healthy growth and reduced childhood stunting. Emphasis is placed on the role of agriculture/food security, especially family farming; education, particularly of girls and women; water, sanitation, and hygiene and their integration in stunting reduction strategies; social protection including cash transfers, bearing in mind that success in this regard is linked to reducing the gap between rich and poor; economic investment in stunting reduction including the work with the for-profit commercial sector balancing risks linked to marketing foods that can displace affordable and more sustainable alternatives; health with emphasis on implementing comprehensive and effective health care interventions and building the capacity of health care providers. We complete the review with examples of national and subnational multi-sectoral interventions that illustrate how critical it is for sectors to work together to reduce stunting.
This article offers an overview of mathematics education in Spain, analyzing the production of PhD theses over the last 30 years. This period has been divided into four cycles that describe the evolution of Spanish research in the field of mathematics education, together with changes in university and social politics. This paper also includes a forecast of the number of theses that will be produced over the next 7 years, thus predicting the future progress and development of this area of research.
Este artículo analiza las concepciones de los estudiantes de bachillerato acerca del concepto de límite finito de una función en un punto a partir de su representación gráfica. Las concepciones emergen de los argumentos que los estudiantes expresan cuando aplican sus definiciones individuales a una selección de modelos gráficos del concepto. La bondad de los razonamientos observados se caracteriza en términos de tres niveles de coherencia entre los argumentos de cada estudiante y una definición individual elaborada previamente. Los resultados muestran concepciones reconocidas en estudios previos. También este estudio detecta concepciones particulares, tales como la necesidad de que exista la imagen de una función en un punto para discutir acerca de su límite en dicho punto. Asimismo, detectamos un equilibrio entre argumentos plenamente coherentes y los incoherentes con la definición personal.
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