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In order to analyse the socio-environmental conflicts it is essential to pay attention to people's perception, because environmental problems can lead to different forms of conflict according to local economic and socio-cultural context. The main objective of this research is to determine the perception of the public about the different socio-environmental conflicts in the area of influence of the Mirador Project, the first project of large-scale mining in Ecuador. To do so, a representative sample of the general population was used to analyse how socio-environmental conflicts were perceived. Furthermore, the arguments and reasons that led people to take extreme positions on mining were also analysed. In both cases, the opinions about perceived conflicts at the time of the investigation and expected threats with the start of mining phase were examined.

Abstract:This article examines the role of the Spanish Atomic Forum as the representative of the nuclear sector in the public arena during the golden years of the nuclear power industry from the 1960s to 1970s. It focuses on the public image concerns of the Spanish nuclear lobby and the subsequent information campaigns launched during the late 1970s to counteract demonstrations by the growing and heterogeneous antinuclear movement. The role of advocacy of nuclear energy by the Atomic Forum was similar to that in other countries, but the situation in Spain had some distinguishing features. Antinuclear protest in Spain peaked in 1978 paralleling the debates of a new National Energy Plan in Congress, whose first draft had envisaged a massive nuclearization of the country. We show how the approval of the Plan in July 1979, with a significant reduction in the nuclear energy component, was influenced by the anti-nuclear protest movements in Spain. Despite the efforts of the Spanish Atomic Forum to counter its message, the anti-nuclear movement was strengthened by reactions to the Three Miles Island accident in March 1979. Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation Authors:Luis Sánchez-Vázquez (1) and Alfredo Menéndez-Navarro (2) Title:NUCLEAR ENERGY IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE: ANTI-NUCLEAR MOVEMENTS VS. (1962)(1963)(1964)(1965)(1966)(1967)(1968)(1969)(1970)(1971)(1972)(1973)(1974)(1975)(1976)(1977)(1978)(1979). INDUSTRIAL LOBBIES IN SPAIN Author affiliations:(1 Authors:Luis Sánchez-Vázquez (1) and Alfredo Menéndez-Navarro (2) Title: (1962)(1963)(1964)(1965)(1966)(1967)(1968)(1969)(1970)(1971)(1972)(1973)(1974)(1975)(1976)(1977)(1978)(1979). NUCLEAR ENERGY IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE: ANTI-NUCLEAR MOVEMENTS VS. INDUSTRIAL LOBBIES IN SPAIN Author affiliations:(1) Observatorio AbstractThis article examines the role of the Spanish Atomic Forum as the representative of the nuclear sector in the public arena during the golden years of the nuclear power industry from the 1960s to 1970s. It focuses on the public image concerns of the Spanish nuclear lobby and the subsequent information campaigns launched during the late 1970s to counteract demonstrations by the growing and heterogeneous anti-nuclear movement.The role of advocacy of nuclear energy by the Atomic Forum was similar to that in other countries, but the situation in Spain had some distinguishing features. Anti-nuclear protest in Spain peaked in 1978paralleling the debates of a new National Energy Plan in Congress, whose first draft had envisaged a massive nuclearization of the country. We show how the approval of the Plan in July 1979, with a significant reduction in the nuclear energy component, was influenced by the anti-nuclear protest movements in Spain.

La producción de conocimiento tecno-científico sobre los impactos y transformaciones ambientales que generan los mega-proyectos mineros, es un elemento clave en manejo de los conflictos socio-ambientales producidos por el extractivismo. Generalmente, los informes oficiales son controlados por el Estado y por la empresa concesionaria, con lo que la producción de conocimiento técnico y científico lleva un marcado sesgo de apoyo y legitimación al proyecto. Aunque existen procesos participativos vinculados a estos procedimientos, las comunidades locales afectadas tienen un margen muy limitado de incidencia real en la toma de decisiones y en las definiciones de la realidad ambiental afectada. Ante esta situación, surgen diferentes vías para contrarrestar la producción de conocimiento científico oficial y hegemónica. En el presente trabajo describo distintas iniciativas de monitoreos ambientales independientes y producción científica alternativa, desarrolladas por la población local afectada por el primer proyecto mega-minero en Ecuador: el Proyecto Mirador. A través de ese caso, analizo hasta qué punto este tipo de procesos pueden suponer una vía de resistencia contra-hegemónica activa, que la misma comunidad ha denominado “ciencia de resistencia”, en un contexto de conflicto socio-ambiental. Combinando los enfoque interdisciplinares de la ecología política y los estudios de paz y conflictos con la perspectiva decolonial, el estudio de este caso revela dilemas y dificultades de los procesos de resistencia, pero también posibilidades de generar vías alternativas de construcción de conocimiento científico