Este artículo explora las dimensiones factoriales del Índice de Reactividad Interpersonal -IRI (Davis, 1980; 1983), una de las medidas de autoinforme más utilizadas para evaluar los componentes de la empatía. El análisis se realiza con la información de 1779 estudiantes universitarios de primer nivel en los años 2018 y 2019 en una universidad pública colombiana. Con el fin de contribuir a una mejor adaptación del instrumento al contexto colombiano, se valida la estructura de cuatro factores propuesta por el autor originalmente. Para esto se recurre a un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC) estimado por Mínimos Cuadrados Ponderados Diagonalizados (MCPD). Los resultados muestran que la versión en español aplicada a los estudiantes colombianos posee características psicométricas similares a la versión original. Sin embargo, se encuentran problemas de ajuste para nueve ítems, al parecer por dificultades de comprensión de la versión en español. El modelo final presenta mejores indicadores de ajuste que indican validez en el instrumento para la evaluación de los diferentes componentes de la empatía.
The objective of the article is to present in a didactic and concise way the fundamental concepts of item response theory (IRT) and its possible application in the economic sciences and show the bias problem that occurred when estimating a latent variable such as financial capital in microentrepreneurs through IRT, assuming normal distribution in an unfounded a priori way. Research Design & Methods:We introduce a Bayesian hierarchical IRT model for graded responses where the latent traits have a skew normal distribution. Financial capital was measured by a survey applied to 384 microentrepreneurs from the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga (Colombia). The preliminary statistical analysis of data hints that the latent trait is not symmetric. Models that include a normal and a skew normal distribution were tested. Findings: We detected that assuming the distribution of the normal trait may overestimate the calculation of financial capital in microentrepreneurs, which would cause loans to be assigned without support. Implications & Recommendations: When applying IRT to economic matters such as in the measurement of financial capital, it is recommended to review the assumptions that this technique handles, especially the normality of the latent trait, since if assumed without verification or theoretical support can cause bias in parameters. Contribution & Value Added: An improvement is presented to the graded response model with normal distribution in IRT for the measurement of financial capital, paying special interest in providing a pedagogical explanation for a public related to economics. Article type:research article
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