RESPONSE OF IRRIGATED RICE CULTIVARS TO NITROGENABSTRACT: Rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) response to nitrogen may vary under waterlogged conditions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of three new rice cultivars grown under irrigation, taking into account yield components. Two field experiments were carried out at Mococa, SP, Brazil, during 1997/98 and 1998/99, on a Typic Endoaquept. The experimental design was a split plot with four replications. The main plots received the N rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha -1 ) and the sub plots were represented by rice cultivars (IAC 101, IAC 102 and IAC 104). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied as urea, 33% at seedling transplantation and 33% 20 and 40 days latter. Cultivars responded significantly to N application and the average yield for three cultivars at higher N rates was more than 8 t ha -1 . Cultivars IAC 104 and IAC 101 presented higher grain yield than 'IAC 102', although all of them presented a marked response to N fertilizer application. Adequate rates of N were 140 kg ha -1 for IAC 101 and 150 kg ha -1 for 'IAC 102' and 'IAC 104'. The 1000 grain weight and panicle length of three cultivars were significantly affected by N treatments. The length of the panicles was the component more closely correlated grain yield.

O programa de melhoramento genético de arroz do Instituto Agronômico visa a obtenção de cultivares de arroz altamente produtivas, características tecnológicas desejáveis e resistência a doenças. O presente estudo avaliou genótipos de arroz integrantes dos ensaios comparativos avançados quanto à qualidade sanitária e severidade de manchas nas sementes, peso das sementes por panícula e esterilidade das espiguetas. A qualidade sanitária das sementes variou conforme o sistema de cultivo, com alta incidência dos fungos Pyricularia grisea, Bipolaris oryzae e Microdochium oryzae no cultivo inundado, enquanto que sob irrigação por aspersão predominaram Pyricularia grisea, Phoma sorghina e Drechslera spp. A severidade de manchas nas sementes apresentou correlação negativa com peso da panícula e número de grãos cheios, e positiva com número de grãos chochos e porcentagem de esterilidade. Destacaram-se em condições de cultivo irrigado por inundação as linhagens IAC 1817 e IAC 1818, apresentando os menores índices de severidade de manchas, e também baixas porcentagens de esterilidade e altos pesos de grãos por panícula. Em terras altas sob irrigação por aspersão, destacaram-se a linhagem IAC 1776 e a cv. Bonança, com os menores índices de severidade de manchas, e a linhagem 1781, com baixas incidências dos mais importantes patógenos, e também baixa esterilidade. Esses resultados serviram como indicadores do nível de resistência e/ou tolerância dos genótipos a manchas de grãos.

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RESUMOFoi avaliada a resposta de três cultivares de arroz irrigado por inundação a diferentes doses de nitrogênio, mediante experimentos realizados em Mococa, SP, em 2000 e em 2001/2002. Nas parcelas foram aplicadas quatro doses de N (0, 90, 180 e 270 kg ha -1 ) e nas subparcelas foram transplantadas mudas das cultivares de arroz IAC 101, IAC 103 e EPAGRI 109. O nitrogênio, tendo como fonte a uréia, foi aplicado, no transplantio das mudas, aos 20 e 40 dias após. Os componentes de produção não responderam à aplicação do nitrogênio, porém as cultivares diferiram significativamente entre si, tendo se observado na 'IAC 103' maior valor para o índice de fertilidade da panícula e o número de panículas por unidade de área. O número de panículas por unidade de área foi o componente de produção que melhor se correlacionou com a produção de grãos. Verificaram-se nas cultivares respostas quadráticas à aplicação de nitrogênio para o rendimento de grãos em casca e inteiros. A 'IAC 103' respondeu a doses maiores de N e maximizou o retorno econômico (218 kg ha -1 de N, com rendimento de 6790 kg ha -1 de grãos em casca). As doses para maior retorno das demais cultivares foram 161 (EPAGRI 109) e 179 kg ha -1 de N (IAC 101).Palavras-chave: Oryza sativa L., produção de grãos, rendimento do benefício, nitrogênio. ABSTRACT RESPONSE OF RICE CULTIVARS UNDER WATER LOGGED CONDITIONS TO NITROGEN RATESThe objective of this study was to evaluate the response of three rice cultivars to N fertilizers under irrigated conditions. Two field experiments were carried out in Mococa, SP, in 2000/01 and 2001/02. Rates of N (0, 90, 180, and 270 kg ha -1 ) were applied in the main plots and seedlings of three rice cultivars (IAC 101, IAC 103, and EPAGRI 109) were transplanted into the subplots. Nitrogen, as urea, was split in three applications: at transplantation, 20 and 40 days later. Except for the number of spiklets per panicle, yield components did not respond to N rates, although they varied for the different plant genotypes. IAC 103 presented the higher value for panicle fertility index and number of panicles per area, and the lower plant height, compared to IAC 101 and EPAGRI 109. Number of plants per area was the yield component most closely related with grain yield. Responses to N varied with the genotype. The highest rate of N to maximize economic return (218 kg/ha N and 6790 kg/ha grain yield) was observed for IAC 103. The corresponding rates for the other genotypes were 161 (EPAGRI 109) and 179 kg/ha N (IAC 101). These rates are higher than those currently recommended for waterlogged rice in Brazil.

Genetic male sterility was induced in the semidwarfjaponica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar M‐101 by treatment of seeds with 30 kR of gamma rays. In the X2 generation, 251 partially sterile plants which presumably were true steriles that were setting seed due to outcrossing, were selected and designated as Group I lines. Fertile progenies of these X2 plants were considered to beputative Fl's from natural crosses. By a series of progeny tests, which eventually involved confirmed crosses, eight lines which carried single recessive genes for male sterility were derived from these putative F1's. In the X2 generation 18 completely sterile plants, designated Group II lines, also were selected. One single‐gene, recessively‐inherited genetic male sterile was derived from these 18 lines. Seed set on the male steriles from open pollination by sib plants ranged from 12 to 40% on the eight final Group I lines in 1980, and was less than 1% on the single Group II line. In 1981 open pollination seed set was lower, ranging from 1 to 18%, but evidence of crossing was confirmed by the use of pollinators with a marker gene.