Vulnerabilidade de pescadores no litoral sul do Brasil e sua relação com áreas marinhas protegidas em um cenário de declínio da pescaABSTRACT: Vulnerability of small-scale fishers in the north coast of Paraná State, Southern Brazil, has been increasing due to a decline in catches and general problems of access to and management of natural resources, associated with biodiversity conservation policies. The predicted effects of climate change will represent an additional source of disturbance on local livelihoods. This study aimed to describe vulnerability of fishers and their adaptation strategies to ongoing reductions in catches, considered an analogue of possible responses to expected effects of climate change, and to evaluate the influence of no-take protected areas on them. Interviews were applied to 213 households, in 9 villages from Guaraqueçaba, in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex. Results show that vulnerability varies in different spatial levels, mainly due to differences in the reliance on fisheries as a source of income, and in distribution of physical and social capital. Protected areas, if not adequately managed, can have a double negative effect on more vulnerable households, by restricting their access to mangrove resources in the present, and by limiting the viability of their favoured adaptation strategy for the future. These results are potentially useful for the development of biodiversity conservation and fisheries management actions adequate to the local level, and that contribute to reduce inequality and build resilience of fishers and the coastal ecosystems they rely on, in a scenario of declining fisheries and climate change.

A short-term short-scale field manipulation experiment was designed to assess the effects of total or partial defaunation, by sediment drying or diesel oil respectively, on polychaete recolonization rates in mangrove sediments of Paranaguá Bay, SE Brazil. After replacement of defaunated cores in the field, disturbed and adjacent undisturbed control sites were subsequently sampled together with adjacent undisturbed control sites on different dates over a 64-day period. Analyses of variance were carried out to test for differences in polychaete populational densities among experimental treatments and sampling dates. Examination of cores impacted by oil showed that most polychaete species kept rather active, quickly reacting to mechanical or light stimuli or moving rapidly. Polychaete recolonization of local mangroves after small-scale disturbance by oil was a fast process, in contrast to that following total defaunation by sediment drying. Rapid recolonization was largely dependent upon the differing mobility of adults of individual species from unaffected areas nearby, epifaunal crawlers or infaunal predators exhibiting the most rapid recovery rates. Conversely, the slow-paced recolonization of completely defaunated areas was due to the modification of sediment properties by drying and to the absence of larvae or juveniles of local species during the experiment.

O artigo analisa a participação de diferentes atores na formulação do licenciamento ambiental da ferrovia projetada para ligar o interior do estado do Paraná ao Porto de Paranaguá. No contexto da instalação de grandes empreendimentos de infraestrutura portuária que impactam a sociobiodiversidade do litoral do Paraná, a conservação da natureza e a sobrevivência de povos e comunidades tradicionais são questões obrigatórias no licenciamento de obras nesta região marcada por conflitos socioambientais. Para compreender a efetividade da participação e a influência de diferentes atores nas deliberações sobre o traçado da ferrovia, foi analisado o processo de discussão do Estudo de Viabilidade Técnica e Ambiental (EVTEA) da ferrovia Lapa-Paranaguá, uma das etapas iniciais do processo de licenciamento ambiental, buscando identificar assimetrias de poder entre os protagonistas do estudo (empreendedores, pesquisadores, ambientalistas e gestores públicos) e a forma como influenciaram nas decisões, assim como a não participação de atores potencialmente afetados pelo empreendimento. Por meio de análise documental, entrevistas com atores-chave e observação de reuniões e debates sobre o traçado da ferrovia, foi possível identificar assimetrias de poder entre os protagonistas do Estudo, assim como interesses conflitantes em torno de soluções para impedir ou mitigar os impactos ambientais da obra. Do processo de elaboração do EVTEA, que contou com a participação de instituições ambientais de governo e da sociedade civil organizada, resultou o atendimento de algumas demandas relativas às unidades de conservação. Contudo, com relação aos povos e comunidades tradicionais, embora considerados sujeitos da conservação e decerto serão afetados pelo empreendimento, eles não participaram do Estudo e foram invisibilizados nas decisões sobre o traçado da ferrovia.

We report the first known infestation of mangroves by the invasive moth Hyblaea puera in Paraná, Southern Brazil. The infestation caused massive defoliation of Avicennia HIGHLIGHTS• We report the first known infestation by Hyblaea puera in mangroves of Paraná, Southern Brazil.• Massive defoliation of Avicennia schaueriana was observed in a large portion of local mangroves.• We visually estimated levels of impact, focusing on protected areas.• Insert a highlight no longer than 85 characters.2 Faraco, L.F.D.; et al.

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