Concerns regarding the bioethical aspects of the privacy of the individual and the confidentiality of their medical treatment data is increasing in the medical community. The current preliminary clinical and therapeutic processes require the multidisciplinary involvement of a number of individuals, especially in the case of hospitalization. The transmission and storage of clinical and laboratory patient information involves different media, with inherent problems of accessibility and protection of information. The authors describe hypothetical situations that exemplify issues commonly addressed in the work of a clinical bioethics committee, contextualizing these problems in Brazil and globally, and suggest steps to minimize potential problems of the breaching of privacy and confidentiality. Keywords: Bioethics. Medicine. Confidentiality. Privacy. ResumoRecomendações para a proteção da privacidade do paciente A preocupação sobre aspectos bioéticos da privacidade do indivíduo e da privacidade dos dados de seus atendimentos é crescente no meio médico. Processos propedêuticos e terapêuticos atuais requerem envolvimento multidisciplinar de uma série de indivíduos, especialmente em se tratando de internações hospitalares. A transmissão e o armazenamento das informações clínicas e laboratoriais dos pacientes envolvem diferentes mídias, com problemas inerentes de acessibilidade e proteção da informação. Os autores sugerem situações hipotéticas que exemplificam problemas comumente abordados na atuação de comitê de bioética clínica, contextualizando-os no Brasil e no mundo, e sugerindo passos para minimizar potenciais problemas de quebra de privacidade e confidencialidade. Palavras-chave: Bioética. Medicina. Confidencialidade. Privacidade. ResumenRecomendaciones para la protección de la privacidad del paciente La preocupación sobre los aspectos bioéticos de la privacidad del individuo y de la confidencialidad de los datos de su asistencia está aumentando en la comunidad médica. Los actuales procesos clínicos y terapéuticos requieren la participación multidisciplinar de una serie de personas, especialmente en el caso de las internaciones hospitalarias. La transmisión y el almacenamiento de informaciones clínicas y de laboratorio de los pacientes implican diferentes canales de comunicación, con los problemas inherentes de accesibilidad y protección de la información. Los autores aluden a situaciones hipotéticas que ejemplifican problemas comúnmente tratados en el desempeño de un comité de bioética clínica, contextualizándolos en Brasil y en el mundo, y sugiriendo medidas para minimizar los posibles problemas de violación de la privacidad y de la confidencialidad. Palabras clave: Bioética. Medicina. Confidencialidad. Privacidad.

Objetivo: Avaliar alguns fatores que influenciam a prática de interconsulta (IC).Métodos: Todos os 64 psiquiatras formados nos programas de residência médica da PUC/RS (1977)(1978)(1979)(1980)(1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995) e 52 formados na Unicamp (1986Unicamp ( -1995 foram selecionados para participar de uma entrevista por telefone sobre os seguintes itens: dados sociodemográficos, principais atividades profissionais, características do trabalho em IC (tipo de serviço, carga horária, características do atendimento, qualificação profissional, motivações e dificuldades). Resultados: Obtiveram-se 106 (91%) entrevistas, sendo 51% dos entrevistados de sexo masculino. Um terço teve experiência com IC apenas durante a residência, 37% trabalham atualmente nessa área e 30% já trabalharam em IC após a residência, mas haviam deixado de fazê-lo. Dentre os que trabalham atualmente em IC, há predomínio do sexo masculino (qui-quadrado=6,65; p=0,03), tanto na população formada na PUC/RS (65%), quanto na Unicamp (63%). Apenas 6% apontam falta de treinamento adequado entre as razões que pesaram na desistência de trabalhar em IC. As principais dificuldades referiram-se à escassez e à imprevisibilidade do tempo despendido, à baixa remuneração e à pouca valorização de parte dos colegas médicos. Conclusões: Considerável proporção dos psiquiatras entrevistados continua trabalhando em IC (37%). Apesar de considerarem adequado o treinamento recebido durante a residência, apontaram as principais dificuldades encontradas nessa tarefa: tempo, dinheiro e valorização do trabalho realizado.Interconsulta. Consultoria psiquiátrica. Hospital Geral.Objective: Factors influencing the practice of psychiatric consultation-liaison (CL) were analyzed. Methods: All 116 psychiatrists trained in two Brazilian medical schools were contacted by telephone, invited to participate in the study and then interviewed. Results: 106 (91%) doctors were interviewed; 51% were male. One third had carried out CL only during psychiatric training, 37% were working with CL at the time of the interview, and 30% had had experience with CL after the psychiatric training, but stopped afterward. Among those working with CL, there was a prevalence of men (64%, chi-square=6.65; p=0.03). Only 6% mentioned inadequate training as one of the reasons for not pursuing working with CL. The most frequently reported difficulties were: the amount of time needed, the unpredictable nature of the psychiatric consultation requests, low pay for the work, and lack ofappraisal of CL practiceby other medical colleagues. Conclusions: 37% of the interviewed doctors worked with CL. In spite of the adequate training received during medical residency, they had to cope with their lack of time, low pay, and their colleagues' low appraisal of CL.Psychiatric consultation. General Hospital. Health personnel. Resumo Descritores AbstractKeywords rém, têm-se questionado em que resultam os esforços para ensinar interconsulta (IC) quando o residente d...

Introduction: Malariotherapy was a treatment to cure neurosyphilis developed in 1917 by Wagner-Jauregg, by inoculating blood infected with malaria in patients with neurosyphilis. The patient had febrile episodes that often cured him of the syphilitic infection. This treatment won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1927 and it was introduced in Hospital Psiquiátrico São Pedro (HPSP) in 1929.Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study with collection of historical secondary data. Data were collected from a sample of 19 medical records of patients treated with malariotherapy in HPSP, in 1929 and 1930.Results: Most patients were white men aged from 25 to 40 years. The mean length of hospital stay was 1.4 year and the outcomes at this early application of malariotherapy were mostly negative (63.2% died).Discussion: The 19 cases evaluated in this study refer to the first year of application of malariotherapy in HPSP. The statistics available on the total number of dead and cured people over the 10 years this therapy was deployed suggest that the outcomes were better in the subsequent years, possibly due to improvement of technique. As a consequence of this innovative research, which had as its principle reorganizing the central nervous system by using the seizure triggered by malaria fever, other forms of shock therapies were developed, such as insulin therapy, cardiazol shock therapy, and electroconvulsive therapy.

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