The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that, although the interaction of history, culture and language is constantly in the field of view of linguists, historians, linguoculturologists, as well as all those who study the evolution of a particular language, it has not yet received a complete analysis in detail, in particular, when describing the language pictures of different countries. The aim of the work is to prove that the semantics of the words of nominating titles of the English nobility of the Victorian era has not changed. The materials for the work were modern and classical, starting from the XIX century, word usage from the English language, contained in modern media texts from Internet sources, as well as the texts of novels by English writers of the late XIX century. At least 2000 such word usages were analyzed using the method of etymological analysis, the method of semantic analysis and the method of functional analysis, which allowed us to obtain a reliable picture of their functioning. The triple union of history, culture and language in the approach to the study of linguistic pictures of different countries is at the center of research in recent years. The interaction of these phenomena has become the subject of close attention in many articles and dissertations of linguists, historians, linguoculturologists, as well as all those who study the evolution of a particular language. Lexemes denoting the noble status of a person are important concepts of the British national linguistic picture of the world and culture. The semantics of lexemes was studied according to lexicographic sources. The sources of examples of contextual use were the texts of novels by English writers of the late XIX century and modern English-language texts of the Internet: online versions of newspapers, advertising texts, blogs. To achieve the goal of our research, the article uses such methods as the method of continuous sampling, the method of lexicographic description, the comparative method, the statistical method, and a number of others.

The article presents the material and the results of the study of a political cartoon in the Arabic and French languages. The relevance of this work is due to the description of the precedence in a polycode text in a comparative aspect due to the lack of a sufficient number of scientific papers affecting this issue. The authors offer an overview of the main stages of the study of texts with iconic and verbal components and different types of the component links; and history of the appearance of the terms that nominate this type of text. The text in our research is characterized by the use of semiotic codes, for example, colour and kinesics; it is accompanied by paragraphemic means, which are font variations that go beyond the use of punctuation marks in the standard language, and topographic means, representing various flat layouts of text. The implementation of the described type of text becomes a political discourse, the study of which also relates to the actual research topics of modern linguistics. It should be noted that a political cartoon is always a reflection of the opinion of society or an individual’s reaction to a significant public event, and it is its universal feature, which makes it possible to compare the means and categories of a creolized text of political cartoon in different linguistic cultures/in different languages. The object of the analysis is the creolized text of a political cartoon; the subject of the research is the category of precedence and its features aimed at the realization of the author’s intention in the political cartoon in Arabic and French. An important systemic characteristic of a creolized text is the category of precedence, which in this article corresponds to the category of intertextuality. The authors give examples to examine the use of precedent information at the level of the text and the image and their interconnection. The thorough analysis of the cartoons demonstrates the possibility of decoding a precedent sign in accordance with the type of speech culture of a native speaker. Precedence in a political cartoon can be expressed by a textual or graphic representation of universal human precedent phenomena, civilizational precedent phenomena, onyms and events of a supraregional nature. The formal expression of precedence can also be a symbol. In the conclusion, the article proposes a summary of the results of the study.

The article is devoted to the study of British politicians' male and female speech behavior in the discussion of Brexit by various media. The necessity of gender peculiarities studies is determined by the extreme importance and specific role of the media discourse which defines the "agenda" and "mode of work" of the individual and of various social institutions in modern society, on the one hand, and rapidly growing research interests in gender manifestations in discourse, on the other hand. Institutionalization and ritualization form the basis of the gender manifestation of each personality by their belonging to a certain gender. Nowadays the discourse generation and usage cannot be studied outside of the gender factor. The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze the linguistic gender peculiarities of the British politicians' speech behavior in the political media communication. The article deals with the results of the morphological, semantic, and stylistic analysis of male and female speech behavior of British parliamentarians discussing different aspects of Brexit in the political media discourse in accordance with their gender origin. It was revealed that the frequency of abstract adjectives usage, complete absence of obscene vocabulary, invective words, general courtesy in constructing speeches, confident expression of own opinions, logical assessments of what is happening are the mail typical features of the female British parliamentarians' speech behavior. While the British male parliamentarians do not care of certain lexical units and lexical-semantic fields selection and attitude creation in the discussion of Brexit problems among British electorate. Male politicians in their speeches prefer a wide range of different stylistic device.

The article considers the implementation of strategies for the integration of Russian universities into the system of world academic rankings. The relevance of this work is dictated by the active introduction of Russian universities into the world market of educational services and the modernization of Russian higher education and science in the context of the globalization of these social institutions. For the effective integration of Russian universities into the global educational space, it is necessary to carry out a consistent modernization of both managerial and educational processes, as well as the infrastructure of universities and existing educational programs and standards. One of the aspects of introducing world educational standards into the practice of Russian higher education is the participation of Russian universities in world academic rankings. For the consistent and systematic promotion of the positions of Russian universities in world academic rankings, with the support of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, national projects were developed to support leading Russian higher education institutions, programs to support innovative development and modernization, and individual roadmaps were drawn up. Development of universities, which allowed them to create their own development strategies and inclusion in the international educational market. The purpose of this article is to consider various aspects of the implementation of the strategies of Russian universities for inclusion in the world academic rankings and systematization of the results achieved so far. The work uses the methods of statistical, comprehensive and comparative analysis in relation to development strategies, roadmaps of Russian universities, as well as to the published results of their promotion in the system of international academic rankings. The result of this work was the derivation of general trends and patterns of development of Russian universities in the context of world academic rankings and the systematization of a set of measures aimed at their further systematic advancement. The positive and negative aspects of the participation of Russian universities in the system of world academic rankings, as well as the influence of the global system for assessing education and science on the Russian sphere of higher education, are analytically derived.

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