Several novel therapeutic agents have demonstrated ability to improve overall survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in recent years. With as many as 5 new agents approved within the last 5 years and an ongoing lack of comparative and prospective data, strategies for patient selection and sequencing of drug treatments are urgently needed. This review will summarize current clinical evidence and relevant molecular mechanisms in mCRPC. The understanding of these mechanisms may provide valuable assistance in making therapeutic decisions, especially while robust clinical data remain sparse.

Ewing sarcoma is the second most common primary bone tumor seen in children and adolescents, typically presenting between 10 and 20 years of age. Extraosseous sarcomas of the Ewing family in adults are rare. We report a manifestation of this tumor entity in the periprostatic tissue of a 33-year-old male and discuss our treatment approach. Transrectal biopsy is a feasible and simple diagnostic tool for unclear pelvic masses. Multi-modal therapy and central registries are needed to gain knowledge of rare pelvic tumors like Ewing sarcoma.

Only a minority of patients with relapsing PCa appear to benefit from AC-PET for guiding potential local treatment. False-positive results show that factors other than tumour metabolism induce increased AC uptake. The time free of recurrence after local treatment was shorter than expected.

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