In the context of a theoretical framework and the literature review summarizing the empirical findings, the authors analyze Ukraine's location advantages and disadvantages visà-vis FDI and present the major macro and meso-economic trends in Poland's FDI flows to and stock in Ukraine. At the micro level, the paper presents the results of an analysis of a sample of 18 companies from the Warsaw Stock Exchange that have invested in Ukraine. One of the main findings reveals a discrepancy between the modest value of Polish FDI in Ukraine and the relatively large number of Polish firms' subsidiaries and affiliates operating in the country. Analysis of the sample of units controlled by Polish parent companies in Ukraine allows for reaching conclusions about their assets, FDI motives and modes, types of FDI undertaken, and sales results. The authors wrap up the paper by drawing both policy implications for Ukraine and Poland, and the managerial implications for Polish direct investors in Ukraine.

The article discusses the existence of free will in the free market. The purpose of this article is to show how the free market restricts free will through the fashion effect and how an illusion of freedom is created. The article puts forward a hypothesis, which says that the market, especially the theoretical concept of the free market, limits free will. However, it gives a sense of freedom, which is a delusion. The authors see and describe an existence of a fashion effect as an example of degeneration of the free market. Fashion effect is one of the free-market processesit uses the psychological mechanisms of seduction; first to sensual, and then intellectuali.e., the biblical description of the seduction in Eden. In the degenerating free market, the goods are not required to possess practical aspects; however, they need to provoke internal conflicts.

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The paper contributes to the literature on the public sector optimal size. The most common approach to measure the optimal size of the public sector is based on government expenditures. The authors propose a broader approach to public sector size measurement and define it by the share in the gross value of fixed assets and the share in employment. The approach is based on the stocks of accumulated capital and labour. Contrary to most of the literature, it gives a clear answer on the optimal employment share in the public sector that leads to maximizing gross domestic product per capita. The authors use Poland as an interesting case study. Public sector size in Poland evolved during 2002–2014, thus at some point it may have achieved the optimal size. The authors analyse the effects of changes in the public sector size on gross domestic product per capita. The authors find that: (a) agricultural sector seriously lowers private sector productivity; (b) the optimal share of the public sector employment in Poland is 20%, and 24% excluding agriculture; (c) the actual share of the public sector in employment in 2014 was one percentage point larger than that which would maximize gross domestic product per capita; (d) there is significant inefficiency in the production process in Poland that can be explained by suboptimal public sector share.