No abstract

No diagnostic biomarkers are available for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here, we aimed to identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers for OCD, using 46 data sets with 2304 OCD patients and 2068 healthy controls from the ENIGMA consortium. We performed machine learning analysis of regional measures of cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volume and tested classification performance using cross-validation. Classification performance for OCD vs. controls using the complete sample with different classifiers and cross-validation strategies was poor. When models were validated on data from other sites, model performance did not exceed chance-level. In contrast, fair classification performance was achieved when patients were grouped according to their medication status. These results indicate that medication use is associated with substantial differences in brain anatomy that are widely distributed, and indicate that clinical heterogeneity contributes to the poor performance of structural MRI as a disease marker.

CLINICIAN'S CAPSULE What is known about the topic? Current diagnostic tools for heart failure in the emergency department (ED) have limited accuracy and often lead to delays in management. What did this study ask? What is the accuracy of early bedside lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute decompensated heart failure? What did this study find? This meta-analysis found that the sensitivity and specificity of bedside lung US in ADHF is 82.5% and 83.6%, respectively. Why does this study matter to clinicians? The implementation of early bedside lung US in the ED may lead to more accurate and timely diagnoses of ADHF.