Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a granulomatous-necrotic systemic vasculitis with a lesion of predominantly the upper and lower respiratory tracts at the onset of the disease (vasculitis, accompanied by granulomatous inflammation), and subsequently renal (glomerulonephritis). In addition, GPA may manifest as inflammation of small arteries and veins. Despite many years of study of this disease, the etiology of GPA remains unknown. The present case is about a 47-year-old female, who had been suffering from necrotizing scleritis, corneal ulcer, and secondary glaucoma in both eyes for 3 months, and she was treated with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial therapy that showed no effect; the patient’s general condition became worse. In the second week of treatment, multiple abscess ruptures exposed the sclera. Sampling of the affected conjunctival tissue and positive HLA B8 haplotype and ANCA (PR3-ANCA) testings make it clear that GPA was the main reason of necrotizing scleritis with inflammation. The targeted treatment of the underlying disease allows to stabilize an inflammation of corneal and scleral lesions.

Report on clinical cases of spontaneous reattachment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). From 2014 to 2020 we diagnosed four patients with spontaneous reattachment of RRD. We conducted a review of the relevant medical records, focusing on the initial symptoms at presentation, the initial diagnoses, with a further observation of the patients next 3 years. The patients were re-examined 3 years later after cases of spontaneous reattachment of RRD. Three years after a case of spontaneous reattachment of RRD during reexamination in four patients (four eyes), redetachment was not detected. The mentioned clinical cases indicate the possibility of finding new approaches to RRD management.

Purpose To investigate the age at recognition and presentation for surgery for congenital and developmental cataract at Kazakh Eye Research Institute in Kazakhstan. Methods A retrospective review of children aged 0–18 years, who presented with congenital and developmental cataract between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2020. All medical records were reviewed. Gender, age at recognition, age at surgery, laterality, residential location (rural/urban) were recorded. Results The study population included 897 patients of children presented with congenital and developmental cataract over a 10-year study period, 58% of them were boys and 44.6% were from rural areas. Cataract was bilateral in 621 (69.2%) and unilateral in 276 (30.8%) of patients. Median age at recognition for patients with congenital/developmental cataract was 12 months. Median age at surgery for congenital/developmental cataract was 51 months. Only 14.7% of children underwent surgery within first year of life. The urban citizens underwent surgery earlier than patients from rural areas. The median delay in presentation for surgery was 15 months. Conclusion The average age at cataract surgery in the population of Kazakhstan is much older than in developed countries. It is essential to study barriers that associated with delayed presentation to build strategies to overcome them. Key messages It is known that cataract surgery in children early in life provides favourable visual outcome. Children with congenital and developmental cataract in Kazakhstan experience delay in surgical treatment. Children from rural areas undergo cataract surgery later than urban citizens.

Purpose: To study and describe clinical characteristics of congenital and developmental cataract at a tertiary eye care facility. Methods: In this retrospective study, 942 children (1311 eyes) presenting with congenital/developmental cataract over a 10-year study period were included. Gender, age at surgery, main presenting complaint, morphologic type of cataract, laterality, family history, and associated findings were recorded. Results: The overall proportion of boys and girls undergoing cataract surgery was approximately equal ( P = 0.110). However, in the cases of bilateral cataract, the proportion of boys was larger than girls ( P = 0.028). More than half (62.3%) of the patients underwent surgery at the age of >3 years. The main presenting complaint was white pupils, accounting for 48.1% of cases. Total cataract was the most common morphologic type in all age groups. In total, 133 children out of 942 (14.1%) had a positive family history of congenital/developmental cataract. Strabismus and nystagmus were seen in 27.2% and 19.3% of the eyes, respectively. Additional ocular dysmorphology was found in 97 (10.3%) of patients. Coexisting systemic disease was found in 149 (15.8%) cases. Among syndrome-associated cataracts, Down syndrome accounted for the majority of cases. Conclusion: High prevalence of total cataracts as well as frequent association with strabismus and nystagmus are likely to be the consequences of delayed presentation.