<p>Efficiency is one of the factor that play an important role in determining the level of productivity. This research aims are (1) to analyze the factors that affect cassava production, (2) to measure the level of technical, allocative and economic efficiencies, (3) to identify the factors that influence the technical inefficiency in Central Lampung Regency. The study was conducted in Central Lampung Regency, Lampung Province. The purposive sampling method was used to select area study and simple random sampling technique was used to collect 78 cassava farmers in the study area. Data were analyzed with the stochastic frontier production function model and cost function dual frontier. The results shows that the land, seed,fertilizer N and fertilizer K variable significantly affected cassava production. The level of technical, allocative and economic efficiencies of cassava farming were not efficient with average technical, allocative and economic efficiencies value respectively of 0,69; 0,71; and 0,47. This indicates that cassava farmers in Central Lampung regency has not been optimally allocate the use of inputs at the level of the minimum cost.  Socio-economic variables that significantly affect the technical efficiency is age, the time of harvest, family size, and access to credit.<em></em></p>

The COVID-19 pandemic has already made a significant impact on various sectors. No country was fully prepared to face this global pandemic, and Indonesia is no exception. For Indonesia, this pandemic shook not only the public health service system but also the economy. This study makes projections related to the impact of this pandemic on the Indonesian economy by utilising a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Additionally, we calculate the land needed to cover the demand for agricultural products, as well as the level to which emissions can be reduced. Our simulation shows that, along with every shock caused by COVID-19 to national supply and demand, Indonesia will be experiencing economic stagnation by 2021, with the gross domestic product (GDP) level 4%–8% lower than the business as usual (BAU) level during the pandemic (2020–2021). The two sectors that will be hit hardest are the transportation and tourism sectors, making up a GDP loss ranging from 30%–50%. During this stagnation, the agricultural sector is a potential sector for accommodating workers who have been laid off. The model also predicts that there will be a temporary land-use change that the farmers will prefer to use their land for food and horticultural commodities. As for emissions, our calculations show that the potential for emission reductions will be up to 8% by 2021, compared to the BAU level. However, the source of this emission reduction is not positive as it comes from the restriction of economic activity, and the growth in emissions from the industrial and waste sectors are still increasing rapidly, even during the pandemic. Thus, it is feared that there will be a very high spike in emissions when the pandemic ends, making the situation more challenging for Indonesia to achieve its emission mitigation targets. Furthermore, once the government introduces fiscal incentives to support the economy during the pandemic, the economic condition will be improved, although still not fully recovered. The model predicts that the government fiscal incentives may help to improve the GDP by around 1%–3%, compared to when no incentive is introduced.

Financial sector have important role to develop economic growth in the country. Aim of this study are to analyze the causality between Islamic Banking towards economic growth in Indonesia, the response of economic growth in Indonesia during the shock of Islamic banking and the contribution from Islamic banking towards economic growth in Indonesia. The data used in this study is monthly report during 2010-2016. Analysis of the data used Vector Error Corection Model (VECM). The results are significant effect and bidirectional causality appears between financing and Gross Dosmetic Product (GDP). Impulse Resonse Function (IRF) analysis shows that response of economic growth is different between the shock on Islamic financing and Third Party Funds (DPK). Based on Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD), financing have greatest contribution towards the effect of economic growth but DPK have less contribution. In conclusion Islamic banking should have more efficient during the allocation of DPK to financing.

<strong>English</strong><br />The government is necessary to maintain food price stability in order to support food security in the country. This study aims to analyze domestic (local and imported) soybean prices volatility, and analyze the market integration and the price transmission elasticity that occurs between domestic soybean market and world soybean market. Price volatility analysis using ARCH/GARCH models showed that the world soybean price is more volatile than domestic soybean price, while in domestic market, local soybean price showed more volatility than imported price. Ravallion model was used to analyze market integration and price transmission between world and domestic soybean markets. The result showed that there is no short term market integration, but there exist the long term market integration with a weak price transmission between world and domestic soybean market. <br /><br /><strong>Indonesia</strong><br />Stabilisasi harga pangan pokok, termasuk di dalamnya kedelai, merupakan salah satu hal yang perlu dijaga oleh pemerintah untuk mendukung ketahanan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis volatilitas harga domestik kedelai, baik lokal maupun impor, serta menganalisis integrasi pasar dan transmisi harga yang terjadi antara pasar kedelai domestik dengan pasar kedelai dunia. Analisis volatilitas harga kedelai dengan menggunakan model ARCH/GARCH menunjukkan bahwa harga kedelai dunia lebih volatil dibandingkan dengan harga kedelai domestik; sementara pada pasar kedelai domestik, harga kedelai lokal lebih volatil dibandingkan dengan harga kedelai impor. Model Ravallion digunakan untuk menganalisis integrasi pasar dan transmisi harga antara pasar kedelai dunia dengan pasar kedelai domestik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tidak terjadi integrasi jangka pendek, namun terjadi integrasi jangka panjang dengan proses transmisi harga yang lemah antara pasar kedelai dunia dengan pasar kedelai domestik.

Financial inclusion is one of strategies to increase inclusive growth in a lot of countries. However it may cause either stability or instability in the financial system and the impact can be different among income group countries. Potential instability in the financial system occurs when financial inclusion causes reduction in credit standard, inceasing risk of bank reputation, and uncoresponding regulation in microfinance. Therefore, this research aimed to measure financial inclusion and financial stability indexes between countries and analyze the impact of financial inclusion on financial stability in 19 countries based on income group from 2004-2014. Data were collected from World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) database, and other sources. The methods used Sarma index to calculate financial inclusion, Albulescu and Goyeau index to calculate financial stability, and tobit model to analyze the impact of financial inclusion on financial stability. The results show higher income countries have higher financial inclusion and financial stability index than lower income countries. Financial inclusion only has positive significant effect to financial stability in high income countries. Lower and upper middle income countries have to increase availability of financial services to enhance financial inclusion. Moreover, lower and upper middle income countries have to increase financial development to enhance financial stability.