Objective:To analyze the self-care behaviors according to gender, the symptoms of depression and sense of coherence and compare the measurements of depression and sense of coherence according to gender. Method: A correlational, cross-sectional study that investigated 132 patients with decompensated heart failure (HF). Data were collected through interviews and consultation to medical records, and analyzed using the chi-square and the Student's t tests with significance level of 0.05. Participants were 75 men and 57 women, aged 63.2 years on average (SD = 13.8). Results: No differences in self-care behavior by gender were found, except for rest after physical activity (p = 0.017). Patients who practiced physical activity showed fewer symptoms of depression (p<0.001). There were no differences in sense of coherence according to self-care behavior and gender. Women had more symptoms of depression than men (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Special attention should be given to women with HF considering self-care and depressive symptoms. DESCRIPTORSHeart Failure; Self Care; Sense of Coherence; Depression; Hospitalization; Nursing Care.Self-care, sense of coherence and depression in patients hospitalized for decompensated heart failure Autocuidado, senso de coerência e depressão em pacientes hospitalizados por insuficiência cardíaca descompensada Autocuidado, sentido de coherencia y depresión en pacientes hospitalizados por insuficiencia cardiaca descompensada INTRODUCTIONHeart failure (HF) is a chronic condition of complex treatment for involving multiple factors in its origin and evolution, as well as high socioeconomic costs (1) . It is also a public health priority and its prevalence increased over the last decade. Low cost strategies such as using electronic messages have been tested to promote adherence to selfcare behaviors in the long run without straining the health resources (2) . Achieving results of impact for patients and the health system is a major challenge for HF management.Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of HF, the disease morbidity and mortality remain high. In addition, HF patients have high rates of readmissions, with about 30% of patients readmitted in a year period (1,3) , and each hospitalization adding extra weight to worsening the survival curve (4) . The HF decompensation is detrimental for both the physical as the emotional performance of patients, and contributes to a reduction in life expectancy and worsening in quality of life (3) . In Brazil, there are about 6.5 million patients with HF. Approximately one third of these patients are hospitalized annually (1) . The factors related to readmission are the presence of other medical conditions, age (5)(6) , inadequate left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), among others (7) . In 2011, there were 258,069 admissions and the mortality proportion was 9.34% (8) , with predominance of the male gender among hospitalizations due to HF decompensation (9) . Several factors can lead patients with HF to clinical decompensation, as the...
Objective: To compare the distributions of measurements of the Dutch Fatigue Scale (DUFS), Dutch Exertion Fatigue Scale (DEFS), and Fatigue Pictogram tools, according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Method: Methodological, cross-sectional study with 118 patients with heart failure. Variance analysis, Pearson's correlation, and Fisher's exact tests were carried out, with a significance level of 0.05. Results: There was an increase in the DUFS and DEFS means with worsening of the NYHA-FC (p<0.001, for both tools). Correlations among the LVEF resulted in positive and weak magnitude for the DEFS (r=0.18; p=0.05) and for the DUFS (r=0.16; p=0.08). Just the item A on the Fatigue Pictogram had an association with the NYHA-FC (p<0.001) and the LVEF (p=0.03). Conclusion: Three tools detected worsening in fatigue levels according to the illness severity assessed by the NYHA-FC.
Objetivos: Comparar as distribuições das medidas dos instrumentos DUFS, DEFS e Pictograma de Fadiga de acordo com a gravidade da insuficiência cardíaca (IC) avaliada pela Classe Funcional da New York Heart Association (CF-NYHA) e a avaliar sua relação com a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE). Método: Estudo metodológico, de corte transversal, cuja amostra foi composta por adultos com IC atendidos em um hospital universitário do Estado de São Paulo, de setembro de 2014 a março de 2015. O DUFS avalia a fadiga relacionada à cardiopatia (8 itens, intervalo total de 8 a 40; quanto maior o valor, maior a intensidade da fadiga) e o DEFS avalia a fadiga relacionada às atividades físicas e aos esforços (9 itens, intervalo de nove a 45; maiores valores indicando maior intensidade da fadiga). O Pictograma de Fadiga avalia a intensidade (item A) e o impacto (item B) da fadiga relacionada às atividades da vida diária, quanto maior a pontuação em cada item, maior a sensação e o impacto da fadiga. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas e consulta aos prontuários. Para testar se as médias dos grupos eram diferentes, fizemos uma Análise de Variância com o valor da escala como variável resposta e CF-NYHA grupo como variável explanatória. Quando o fator grupo era estatisticamente significante, fizemos o teste de comparação múltipla de médias (método post hoc de Bonferroni). Para verificar a correlação entre as medidas obtidas pelos instrumentos DUFS e DEFS e a FEVE, foi utilizado o teste de Correlação de Pearson. A associação entre as distribuições das respostas aos itens do Pictograma de Fadiga e a FEVE, categorizada em preservada (≥ 55) ou reduzida (<55), foi analisada pelo teste Exato de Fisher. O nível de significância adotado foi de 0,05. Resultados: Participaram 118 pacientes, com média de idade de 63 (D.P.=13) anos, 62% do sexo masculino, 86% não desempenhavam atividades remuneradas, com média de 6 (D.P.=5) anos de estudo. Observamos aumento nas médias das medidas obtidas por DUFS ou DEFS entre os pacientes de acordo com a progressão da doença medida pela CF-NYHA (p<0,001, para os dois instrumentos). Não constatamos diferenças entre a fadiga (avaliada pelo DUFS) dos pacientes da CF-NYHA III com os das II e IV. Ao analisarmos as diferenças da fadiga, avaliada pelo DEFS, não observamos diferenças entre as médias dos pacientes da CF-NYHA II com os das I e III, e os da III, com os pacientes da IV. As correlações entre a FEVE com as medidas de fadiga foram de positiva e fraca magnitude para o DEFS (r=0,18; p=0,05) e para o DUFS (r=0,16; p=0,08). Somente o item A do Pictograma de Fadiga teve associação com os grupos de CF-NYHA (p<0,001). Conclusão: Os três instrumentos demonstraram piora nos níveis de fadiga de acordo com a gravidade da doença avaliada pela CF-NYHA, entretanto, não houve discriminação entre os grupos de maior gravidade, pois houve grande variação dentro de cada grupo funcional.
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