Implicit theories of intelligence are individual beliefs about the nature of intelligence, which are used on a daily basis as part of self-assessment and assessment of others, and are a significant factor shaping attitudes and behaviors. Research to date suggests that teachers can influence their students' beliefs about intelligence, which in turn affect motivation and achievement. According to Dweck's model, implicit theories of intelligence are a bipolar construct, with two theories at its extremes - the entity theory, which stresses the immutability of intelligence, and the incremental theory, which holds that intelligence can be improved through training and learning. Recent research, however, indicates that these two theories represent distinct, uncorrelated dimensions. The aim of this study was to carry out a psychometric evaluation of the Implicit Theories of Intelligence Scale (ITIS) and the Mathematics-Oriented Implicit Theory of Intelligence Scale (MOITIS). 228 primary and secondary school teachers in Serbia (87.7% female; average age 42.79 years) took part in the study. The results of factor analysis suggest the existence of two factors on both scales: incremental theory and entity theory. Further analysis showed that both factors of the ITIS and MOITIS scales have satisfactory psychometric properties. Significant differences were detected between primary and secondary school teachers on the ITIS scale. More specifically, among teachers of science subjects, mathematics and medical subjects the attitude that intelligence is a fixed trait is more pronounced than among teachers of the arts, humanities and social sciences.
Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio ispitati relacije između implicitnih teorija inteligencije i uverenja koja nastavnici imaju o relativnom uticaju gena i sredine u objašnjenju individualnih razlika relevantnih za obrazovanje. U ovom istraživanju, kao takve su se združeno razmatrale kognitivne sposobnosti i osobine ličnosti, s obzirom na to da su se inteligencija i osobine ličnosti najsistematičnije razmatrale u prethodnim istraživanjima u oblastima psihologije obrazovanja i bihejvioralne genetike. Cilj je bio i ispitati efekte koje znanje o bihejvioralnoj genetici i otvorenost prema bihejvioralno-genetičkim istraživanjima u obrazovanju ostvaruju u prethodno navedenoj relaciji. Dodatno, ispitana je i uloga sociodemografskih karakteristika u objašnjenju razlika između nastavnika po svim ispitivanim varijablama. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 225 učitelja, nastavnika i profesora (88.5 % ženskog pola) sa teritorije Republike Srbije (prosečne starosti 42.9 godina). Rezultati ukazuju na značajne i direktne doprinose koje ostvaruju inkrementalne teorije inteligencije u pozitivnom, te znanje iz oblasti bihejvioralne genetike u negativnom smeru, na uverenja o značaju gena i sredine u kognitivnim sposobnostima i osobinama ličnosti. Teorije entiteta ostvaruju negativan doprinos otvorenosti nastavnika prema bihejvioralno-genetičkim istraživanjima. Razlike u odnosu na sociodemografske karakteristike nastavnika nisu detektovane. Nalazi ovog istraživanja ukazali su na značaj znanja iz oblasti bihejvioralne genetike i implicitnih teorija inteligencije u objašnjenju razlika u uverenjima prosvetnih radnika o značaju gena i sredine u oblikovanju individualnih razlika relevantnih za obrazovanje.
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