background: Implant as long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) is ideal for Indonesian women. Two-rod implant (2x75mg levonorgestrel) is the most common implant used in Indonesia. Another alternative method is a one-rod implant (1x150mg levonorgestrel). objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness, changes in body weight (BW), and menstrual cycle between the one-rod and two-rod implant acceptors. method: This study was an RCT design with phase II clinical trials; 179 subjects were recruited. Subjects were met with inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into one-rod and two-rod groups. The variables were evaluated within 12 months. result: This study involved 70 subjects in the one-rod implant group and 66 subjects in the two-rod implant group. At 12 months, there were no differences between the effectiveness of the two types of contraception, and pregnancy was reported in 1.26% vs 1.31%. The concentration of levonorgestrel in the one-rod group was 0.31 ng/dL as the median (IQR: 0.33 ng/dL) and 0.34 ng/dL as the median (IQR: 0.33 ng/dL) in the two-rod group (p=0.438). The BW in the two-rod group increased significantly in month six (p=0.035) and twelve (p=0.017) but not in the one-rod group. Menstrual cycle changes occurred in 51.4% of subjects and 57.6% of subjects in the one- and two-rod groups (p=0.584), respectively. conclusion: At 12 months, one-rod and two-rod implants had similar effectiveness and concentration of levonorgestrel. Significant weight gain happened in the two-rod group, and the weight gain increased in months six and twelve. Menstrual cycle changes have occurred in both.

<h1>ABSTRAK</h1><p><strong>Latar Belakang:</strong>Sindroma ovarium polikistik (SOPK) adalah suatu kelainan endokrin yang mempunyai spektrum gambaran yang luas dan paling sering timbul pada wanita usia reproduktif. Faktor yang mendasari terjadinya SOPK adalah androgen yang berlebih, resistensi insulin, dan gangguan dinamika gonadotropin. Androgen yang berlebih menyebabkan ketidak seimbangan LH dan FSH. Terapi oksigen hiperbarik menurut teori dapat meningkatkan sensitivitas jaringan terhadap insulin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi okssigen hiperbarik 2,4 ATA 3x30 menit selama 5 sesi terhadap kadar testosterone pada tikus model Sindroma Ovarium Polikistik dengan resistensi insulin.</p><p><strong>Metode</strong>:Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental sejati dengan <em>post test only control group design. </em>Besar sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 12 ekor yang terbagi menjadi 2 kelompok. Variabel bebas pada penelitian adalah terapi oksigen hiperbarik, variabel terikatnya yaitu kadar testosteron pada sampel darah tikus putih dan variabel controlnya suhu ruang dan pakan standart serta variabel kendalinya injeksi androgen, jenis dan spesifikasi hewan coba, ukuran kandang dan perawatan hewan. Analisis data penelitian ini diolah menggunakan uji Uji <em>Mann Whitney U.</em></p><p><strong>Hasil:</strong>Hasil data menggunakan Uji <em>Mann Whitney U</em> menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan antara Kadar testosteron kelompok hewan coba yang diberi injeksi androgen dengan kelompok hewan coba yang diberi injeksi androgen dan terapi oksigen hiperbarik.</p><p><strong>Kesimpulan:</strong>Pemberian terapi oksigen hiperbarik tidak berpengaruh terhadap Kadar testosterone pada kelompok tikus putih <em>(Rattus Norvegicus)</em> model Sindrom ovarium polikistik dengan resistensi insulin.</p><p> </p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong><em>Terapi oksigen hiperbarik, Kadar testoteron, Sindroma ovarium polikistik, Resistensi insulin</em>

AbstrakSindrom ovari polikistik (SOPK) meningkatkan risiko hiperplasia dan keganasan endometrium. Faktor yang memicu kejadian tersebut adalah hiperandrogen, anovulasi kronik, dan hiperinsulinemia. Terapi oksigen hiperbarik (TOHB) diketahui memberikan manfaat positif bagi sensitivitas insulin. Berdasar atas hal tersebut maka ingin diketahui pengaruh terapi oksigen hiperbarik terhadap endometrium pada tikus model SOPK resistensi insulin. Untuk mengetahui hal tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian dengan desain post-test only control group menggunakan 28 tikus betina (Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar) yang kemudian dibagi menjadi empat kelompok: Kelompok normal, SOPK, TOHB 5 sesi dengan SOPK dan TOHB 10 sesi dengan SOPK. Model tikus SOPK diperoleh dengan menyuntikkan testosteron propionat 10 mg/100 gram bobot/ kali selama 28 hari berturutturut. Pada tikus normal diberikan suntikan propilen glikol sebanyak 1 mL selama 28 hari. Dilakukan pengukuran ketebalan endometrium secara histopatologik. Penelitian dilakukan di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Airlangga, dan LAKESLA TNI AL Drs. Med. R. Riyadi S, Phys pada periode Juni-September 2016. Didapatkan ketebalan endometrium pada kelompok normal (mean ± SD) (µm)) 1.109,98 ± 53,96; kelompok SOPK 35.651,47 ± 400,54; kelompok TOHB 5 sesi dengan SOPK 2.266,13 ±2 62,08; dan kelompok TOHB 10 sesi dengan SOPK 2.144,83 ± 305,83. Kelompok SOPK memiliki endometrium lebih tebal dibanding dengan kelompok normal. Tidak terdapat perbedaan ketebalan endometrium pascapemberian TOHB 5 sesi maupun 10 sesi.Kata kunci: Hiperplasia endometrium, sindrom ovari polikistik, terapi oksigen hiperbarik Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Does Not Improve the Endometrial Thickness in PCOS Rat with Insulin Resistance Model AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) increases the risk of endometrial hyperplasia and malignancy. Chronic anovulation, hyperandrogen, and hyperinsulinemia are known as the pathogenesis of endometrial hyperplasia and malignancy in PCOS women. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has positive effects to improve peripheral insulin sensitivity. This study aimed to understand the effect of HBOT on endometrial thickness in PCOS rat with insulin resistance model. A laboratory experimental study was conducted involving twenty-eight healthy female rats divided into 4 groups: normal group, PCOS group, 5 session HBOT PCOS group, and 10 Session HBOT PCOS group. To induce a PCOS rat model with insulin resistance, testosterone propionate (10 mg/100-gram body weight) was administered for 28 days. Normal group was administered with 1 mL propylene glycol. Histopathological evaluation of endometrium of all groups was performed. This study was conducted in June-September 2016 in the School of Medicine Airlangga University, School of Veterinary Medicine Airlangga University, and LAKESLA TNI AL Drs. Med. R. Riyadi S, Phys. The endometrial thickness (mean ± SD (µm)) of the normal, PCOS p, 5-session HBOT PCOS, and 10-session HBOT PCOS were 1,109.98 ± 53.96, 35,651.47 ± 4...

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HIGHLIGHTS There were no significant differences in TMSC, sperm motility, sperm morphology, and DFI in sperm preparation using the swim-up method at 27°C and 37°C. However, this study provided an overview of the average improvement of DFI at 27°C compared to 37°C. There was no significant difference in the pregnancy rate of IUI in sperm preparation using the swim-up method at 27°C and 37°C.   ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of temperature during sperm preparation on total sperm motile count (TMSC), sperm motility, sperm morphology, DNA fragmentation index (DFI), and pregnancy rate. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental laboratory study with pre- and post-test control group was conducted at Sekar Fertility Clinic, Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia. A total of 20 sperm samples from infertile patients were prepared using the swim-up method at 27°C (group 1) and 37°C (group 2). TMSC, motility, morphology, and DFI examinations were performed. In addition, IUI was performed to confirm pregnancy rate. Sperm DNA fragmentation was determined using Sperm Chromatin Dispersion/SpermFunc DNAf test. Sperm DNA fragmentation was characterized by a halo <30% of the volume of the sperm head. Results: Group 1 had mean TMSC of 13.77 ± 9.30, while group 2 had 14.82 ± 8.82; p=0.218. Group 1 had a motility value 82.25+12.77 and group 2 had 82.55 ± 11.69; p=0.968. The morphological value for group 1 was 11.25 ± 5.15 and group 2 was 11.6 ± 5.34; p=0.626. The mean DFI for group 1 was 17.79 ± 10.88 and group 2 was 18.18 ± 12.95; p=0.765. Pregnancy rate in group 1 was 10% and group 2 was 20%; p=1.000. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in TMSC, sperm motility, sperm morphology, DFI, and pregnancy rate in sperm preparation using the swim-up method at 27°C and 37°C.