ABSTRACT:Astaxanthin is a group of fat-soluble xanthophyll carotenoid found in many microorganisms and marine animals. The problem that exists in its use as active compound of antioxidants is due to lipophilicity and poor stability in the gastrointestinal tract thereby making low bioavailability. In this research offers the nanotechnology to develop astaxanthin nanoemulsion which is intended to improve the stability in the dosage form and also further developing new delivery paths in the use of antioxidants through transdermal delivery route so it has the optimal deliveries. In this research will be made nanoemulsion astaxanthin formulation to produce good physical and chemical characteristics. Nanoemulsion were prepared by using the self-nanoemulsifying (SNE) method. Optimizations of formula were performed ranging from oil phase screening, surfactant type screening, and optimization of ratio of oil phase : surfactant : co-surfactant. Characterization of nanoemulsion were carried out by physical characterizations including globul size and polydispersity index, zeta potential, visual appearance, and globul morphology. Chemical Characterization included the entrapment efficiency test. The results showed that the nanoemulsion Astaxanthin has a 10-20 nm globul size (with normal size distribution curve), the polydispersity index value is less than 0.5, the zeta potential is greater than (-20) mV, the entrapment efficiency is between 80-87%, and has spherical globules form. ABSTRAK:Astaxanthin merupakan kelompok karotenoid xantofil larut lemak yang banyak ditemukan pada berbagai mikroorganisme dan hewan laut. Permasalahan yang terdapat di dalam pengunaannya sebagai bahan aktif sumber antioksidan adalah karena lipofilisitasnya dan stabilitas astaxanthin yang rendah di dalam saluran cerna sehingga membuat ketersediaan hayati yang rendah. Di dalam penelitian ini menawarkan teknologi nano untuk mengembangkan nanoemulsi astaxanthin yang ditujukan untuk meningkatkan stabilitas astaxanthin di dalam sediaan dan juga kedepannya untuk mengembangkan jalur penghantaran baru dalam pemakaian antioksidan yakni melalui rute transdermal sehingga ditujukan agar penggunaan astaxanthin dapat optimal. Di dalam penelitian ini akan dibuat formulasi nanoemulsi astaxanthin untuk menghasilkan karakteristik fisik dan kimia yang baik. Nanoemulsi dibuat dengan menggunakan metode Nanoemulsi spontan (SNE). Dilakukan optimasi formula mulai dari skrining fase minyak, skrining jenis surfaktan, dan optimasi rasio fase minyak:surfaktan:kosurfaktan. Karakterisasi nanoemulsi berupa karakterisasi secara fisik meliputi ukuran globul dan indeks polidispersitas, potensial zeta, tampilan visual, dan morfologi globul. Karakterisasi secara kimia meliputi uji efisiensi penjeratan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nanoemulsi Astaxanthin yang dikembangkan memiliki ukuran globul 10-20 nm (dengan kurva distribusi ukuran globul normal), nilai indeks polidispersitas kurang dari 0.5, potensial zeta lebih besar dari (-20) mV, dan efisiensi penjeratan berkisar antara 80-87% s...
Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai formulasi sediaan sabun mandi cair dengan zat aktif ekstrak daun kumis kucing (Orthosiphon aristatus (Bl) Miq) dengan berbagai variasi konsentrasi basis Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat formula sabun mandi cair ekstrak daun kumis kucing yang sesuai kriteria Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 06-4085-1996. Pengujian terhadap sediaan sabun mandi cair disesuaikan dengan syarat ketentuan SNI dengan beberapa tambahan, pengujian-pengujian tersebut meliputi organoleptik, pH, alkali bebas, bobot jenis, cemaran mikroba, viskositas, stabilitas busa, aktivitas antibakteri sediaan serta uji hedonik. Hasil menunjukan bahwa Formula III memenuhi syarat SNI ksementara untuk Formula I dan Formula II memenuhi syarat SNI kecuali pada pengujian bobot jenis. Pada pengujian aktivitas antibakteri, Formula I menghasilkan zona hambat sebesar 7 mm ± 0,25, Formula II menghasilkan zona hambat sebesar 7,2 mm ± 0,34, dan Formula III menghasilkan zona hambat sebesar7,9 mm ± 0,25, sementara untuk sediaan pembanding yaitu Nuvo ® menghasilkan zona hambat sebesar 8,9 mm ± 0,20. Hasil akhir menunjukkan bahwa sediaan sabun mandi cair ekstrak daun kumis kucing yang paling baik secara kimia, fisika, mikrobiologi dan sesuai dengan SNI adalah Formula III.Kata kunci : Sabun mandi cair, kumis kucing (Orthosiphon aristatus (Bl) Miq), VCO, zona hambat.
Objective: The global prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) was 9.1% (697.5 million cases). Chronic kidney disease can occur, one of which is caused by drug nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity remains major problem for its effective long-term clinical use. Gentamicin is known to cause many morphologic, metabolic and functional alterations in the kidney and the specificity of gentamicin nephrotoxicity is related to its accumulation in the renal proximal convoluted tubules leading to tubular necrosis. Nephrotoxicity can be prevented by nephroprotective by giving antioxidants. Kirinyuh leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) has potential as a nephroprotective because it contains chemical compounds that have antioxidant activity. Methods: Wistar rats as many as 25 animals were divided into five groups, namely the normal control negative control (gentamicin 60 mg/kg BW rat), and kirinyuh leaf extract at a dose of 225, 450 and 675 mg/kg BW treatment was carried out for 10 d. Serum creatinine and urea levels were evaluated along with histopathological investigation in various experimental groups of rats. Data analysis using the One Way Anova test and continued LSD test. Results: Serum creatinine was a significant difference between groups P = 0.000 (P<0.05). The results of LSD analysis on creatinine levels showed a significant difference between the normal group and the negative group (P = 0.00); negative group to dose group 1 (P = 0.020) (P<0.05); dose 2 (P = 0.005) (P<0.05); and dose 3 (P = 0.000) (P<0.05). Dose 3 had the lowest creatinine level compared to other dose groups. Conclusion: Serum creatinine level at dose 675 significantly changes compare by a negative group of other dose groups. Renal histopathology results showed that the group with a dose of 450 mg/BW of rats had the lowest necrosis rate compared to the negative control group and other dose groups.
<p><em>Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil</em> memiliki terpinen-4-ol yang berfungsi sebagai antibakteri dan anti jamur yang memiliki potensi efektivitas mengobati jerawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formulasi pembuatan sediaan dan evaluasi sediaan emugel <em>Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil</em> dengan menggunakan <em>Hidroxy propyl methyl cellulose</em> (HPMC) sebagai <em>gelling agent.</em>Untuk memperoleh sediaan emulgel yang memiliki stabilitas baik maka dilakukan serangkaian tahapan penelitian mulai dari pengumpulan bahan baku, formulasi dan evaluasi sediaan emulgel <em>Tea tre oil</em>. Formulasi yang dibuat terdiri dari tiga formula yaitu F1, F2 dan F3 dengan variasi HPMC sebagai <em>gelling agent</em>. Evaluasi yang dilakukan adalah uji organoleptik, pH, homogenitas, daya sebar, viskositas, <em>Cycling test</em> dan uji hedonik. Analisis data hasil uji viskositas dan uji hedonik diolah dengan penjabaran deskriptif. Hasil uji hedonik menunjukan bahwa emulgel anti jerawat <em>tea tree oil</em> dapat diterima oleh responden.<em></em></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong> : emulgel,<em> Melaleuca alternifolia</em>, HPMC<em></em></p>
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