Absorption Capability Test of Hanjuang (Cordyline fruticosa) as Fitoremediation Agent of Lead in Soil MediumLead is a heavy metal waste that is dangerous for the environment and health. The use of ornamental plants is an alternative in reducing heavy metal pollution. Hanjuang (Cordyline fruticosa) is an ornamental-plant phytoremediation agent that can absorb heavy metals especially lead (Pb) at a high concentration. This study aims to test the Pb absorption ability of Hanjuang plant. Hanjuang was planted in a medium containing Pb at the concentration of 50 mg kg–1 with variable planting time of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. The measurement of Hanjuang's absorption of Pb was carried out on the roots, stems, and leaves by the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) method. The results showed that the highest absorption capacity of 63.4% occurred at 12 days planting time. Whereas the amount of Pb accumulation in each part of the plant, from the highest to the lowest concentration, was found in the roots, leaves, and stems, consecutively. The ability of the plant's absorption of Pb was reduced with increasing metal concentrations in the media.Keywords: Hanjuang, heavy metal, lead, phytoremediation, solid wasteABSTRAKTimbal menjadi salah satu limbah logam berat yang berbahaya untuk lingkungan dan kesehatan. Penggunaan tanaman hias menjadi alternatif dalam mengurangi pencemaran logam berat. Hanjuang (Cordyline fruticosa) merupakan tanaman hias agen fitoremediasi yang memiliki kemampuan menyerap logam berat khususnya timbal (Pb) yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan uji daya serap tanaman hanjuang terhadap logam Pb. Hanjuang ditanam pada medium tanah berlogam Pb dengan kadar 50 mg kg–1 dengan variabel waktu penanaman selama 4, 6, 8, 10 dan 12 minggu. Pengukuran daya serap Hanjuang terhadap Pb dilakukan pada bagian akar, batang, dan daun dengan metode spektroskopi serapan atom (AAS). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa daya serap tertinggi terjadi pada waktu tanam 12 hari dengan kadar 63,4%. Sedangkan jumlah akumulasi tiap bagian tanaman paling tinggi ke rendah terdapat pada bagian akar, daun, dan batang. Pada variasi konsentrasi, kemampuan daya serap tanaman terhadap Pb berkurang seiring meningkatnya konsentrasi logam pada media.
L-asparaginase merupakan enzim yang menghidrolisis L-asparagin menjadi L-aspartat dan ammonia yang dapat digunakan dalam terapi pengobatan Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut. Penentuan struktur 3D L-asparaginase dari berbagai sumber dapat memberikan informasi penting dalam memahami sifat dan fungsi biokimia L-asparaginase di level molekuler untuk penelusuran L-asparaginase alternatif sebagai protein teurapetik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memprediksi struktur 3D enzim L-asparaginase II dari bakteri laut Vibrio sp. AND4 dengan E.coli L-asparaginase II mutant (T12V) in complex with L-Asn at pH 7.0 [Escherichia coli K-12] (PDB ID: 6PA9) sebagai templat struktur, menggunakan metode pemodelan homologi dengan program SWISS-MODEL. Penelitian ini menghasilkan model struktur 3D dengan Sequence identity 70,55%, memiliki nilai QMEANDisCo 0,86±0,05 dan nilai GMQE sebesar 0,86. Terdapat 93,1% residu berada di daerah the most favored regions dan 0,3% residu berada di daerah disallowed regions pada Ramachandran plot, dengan G-Factors sebesar -0.08 yang memenuhi syarat-syarat kualitas struktur ideal.
Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae used as a large-scale organic waste bioreduction agent with ability reduce organic waste up to 200 tons per day. The potency of BSF larvae to process organic waste was related to the function of phisiology, microbial and biochemical processes. The gut extracts had high amylase, lipase and protease activities. α-amylase is one of the important enzyme in development of biotechnology and belongs to the main enzyme class on the world enzyme market. α-amylase used to replace chemical hydrolysis process in starch processing industry. α-amylase from microorganism was more prospective than plant and animal amylase, because it was more easily manipulated to produces targetted enzymes, characteristics and more economical. The purpose of this study was to isolate bacteria producing α-amylase from BSF larvae. The research method was extracted of 200 BSF larvae in phosphate buffer pH 7.4. Homogenate was isolated in Lysogeny Broth (LB) by serial dilution and fourway strick. Each culture was screened based on the activity of α-amylase by Fuwa method. The results of isolation obtained 8 single colonies bacteria. The α-amylase activity assay for Fuwa method obtained the highest α-amylase activity unit was 10.86 units/ml, produced by the 8th colony.
Bawang hitam merupakan hasil olahan bawang putih (Allium sativum) yang dihasilkan melalui proses ferementasi pada suhu tinggi selama satu bulan. Pengaruh proses fermentasi menyebabkan bawang hitam memiliki aroma yang tidak terlalu menyengat, rasa manis dan asam, serta memiliki kandungan antioksidan yang lebih tinggi dari pada bawang putih. Perubahan karakteristik yang terdapat pada bawang hitam tersebut memungkinkan pemanfaatannya menjadi lebih luas salah satunya dapat diolah menjadi minuman fungsional. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan rancangan D-Optimal Custom Design menggunakan metode Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Tujuan penelitian adalah menetapkan formulasi optimum produk minuman fungsional bawang hitamyang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi serta memiliki sifat organoleptik yang baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan variabel bebas berupa konsentrasi ekstrak bawang hitam (73-88 %), konsentrasi madu (10-25%), dan konsentrasi sari lemon (2-8%). Melalui proses optimasi diperoleh hasil yaitu diperoleh formula minuman funggsional bawang hitam terbaik dengan formulasi konsentrasi bawang hitam 76.80 %, konsentrasi madu 18.23 %, dan konsentrasi sari lemon 4.49 % yang menghasilkan aktivitas antioksidan sebesar IC50 4.73 % , penerimaan organoleptik warna 5.73, rasa 6.00, aroma 5.25 dan keseluruhan 5.82.
Skin diseases, including acne, can be caused by a microbial imbalance (dysbiosis). The specific bacteria involved in acne dysbiosis are Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Black garlic has better potential to be alternative antibiotic and chemical to curing ance and maintaining skin health, because it has antimicrobial potential and can inhibit the decrease in collagen deposition on the skin. These potentials can be alternative of antibiotics and chemicals to treat acne and maintain healthy skin. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of black garlic extract against bacteria that cause acne dysbiosis. Garlic was aging with 3 variations of time (7, 14, and 21 days) then macerated with 70% alcohol and tested for antimicrobial activity to Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis with clindamycin as positive control. Black garlic extract provided inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes. The best recommendation time for aging garlic to prevent skin dysbiosis causes acne is 7 to 14 days.
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