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Purification of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) is an important step in the titanium process. After chlorination, impurities in the gained crude TiCl4 such as V, Al, Fe, Si, etc. were removed by distillation technique following the chemical pre-treatment method. Simple distillation, distillation with bubbled N2 and distillation in presence of copper metal were tested. Effect of copper metal, diethyl malonate and acetylacetone on the impurities removal was evaluated. Obtained results showed that the chemical pre-treatment method exhibited a higher efficiency for TiCl4 purification than the distillation method. Acetylacetone was shown to be a suitable agent for impurities removal, resulting low content of V, Zr, Al, Fe and Si in the final purified TiCl4 product. Crude TiCl4 purification in distillation tower of a pilot scale was successfully operated.

No abstract

In the context of global adaptation to climate change, the demand for water, especially drinking water, becomes a serious issue that needs to be studied to find feasible and economical solutions. Many available technologies have been applied to produce drinking water such as filtration of groundwater or seawater. However, the implementation of these technologies is feasible or not depending on specific nature as well as socio-economic conditions. For the drought regions where there is no seawater and lack of groundwater, moisture separation technology becomes a feasible solution. A system to extract the water from moisture has been designed, fabricated and installed to provide 10 liters of drinking water per day. As the system operates; it can produce around 2.1 liters of drinking water per hour; and consume 1.8 kW of electricity. The system has been designed to be able to use two types of power sources: one from solar energy (main source) and the other from the national grid (auxiliary source).