Aim This study assessed the associations of prediabetes and insulin resistance with bleeding on probing (BOP) and periodontitis among adults. Materials and methods We included 1,191 Hispanic adults aged 40-65 years, free of diabetes, enrolled in the San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study. Pre-diabetes was defined as impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or impaired glycated hemoglobin. Impaired one-hour plasma glucose (1hPG) was defined as levels>155 mg/dL. Insulin resistance was defined using the study population-specific 75th percentile (HOMA-IR≥3.13). High BOP was defined as percentage of teeth with bleeding ≥30%. Periodontitis was defined according to the CDC/AAP definition. Results After multivariable adjustment for age, gender, education, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, obesity, HDL-C, and plaque index, prediabetes with and without 1hPG, IFG, impaired 1hPG, IGT, and HOMA-IR were significantly associated with high BOP; prediabetes, IFG, and impaired 1hPG were significantly associated with severe periodontitis. Most of these associations remained significant when the analyses were restricted to non-smokers. Conclusions This study suggests associations between prediabetes and insulin resistance with BOP and periodontitis. Given the high prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism and periodontitis, the assessment of the temporal sequence of these associations are of utmost importance.

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the caries rate and periodontal status in a sample of pregnant women with HIV+ infections from Puerto Rico. Methods A pilot study was conducted on a cross sectional convenience sample of 25 pregnant women with HIV+ infections from Puerto Rico who visit the CEMI clinic (Centro de Estudios Materno Infantil) at the University of Puerto Rico. The women subjects were evaluated for caries, DMFT (D: Decay tooth; M: Missing tooth due to caries; F: Filled tooth) index, oral lesions associated with HIV+/AIDS and periodontal disease parameters, with a Florida probe by a calibrated dentist on periodontal indexes such as as bleeding on probing, CEJ (cemento-enamel junction) and pocket depth. Periodontal disease was classified as having 4 sites with pocket depth greater than 4 mm and caries were identified following the Radike criteria. Data was statistically analyzed using the SSPS Program (Statistical Software Program for Social Sciences) and descriptive statistics were calculated. Results Mean DT (decayed teeth), MT (missing teeth due to caries), FT (filled teeth) and DMFT (decay, missing and filled teeth) were 4.8, 1.86, 5.3 and 12, respectively; mean sites of bleeding on probing=12.06; mean sites with pocket depth>4 mm=6.95 and mean sites with loss of attachment greater than 4 mm=7.66. [Almost 50% of the patients had generalized chronic periodontitis. A 72% prevalence of periodontal disease was found. No oral lesions related to HIV+/AIDS were reported. CD4 and viral load was statistically associated with bleeding on probing and severe signs of periodontal disease. Conclusions High levels of dental disease were found in pregnant women with HIV+/AIDS infections from Puerto Rico, and these women were in need of substantial dental services.