ResumenLa piscicultura es un sector de la economía fundamental para varias comunidades. Tradicionalmente, los procesos inherentes a esta actividad, como la alimentación de los peces, la marcación, el comportamiento reproductivo y el cuidado parental se realizan de forma manual; no obstante, en los últimos años se han comenzado a incorporar herramientas tecnológicas para su automatización. Esta revisión sistemática de literatura describe algunas de las tareas de la piscicultura donde se han aplicado herramientas tecnológicas, particularmente en actividades relacionadas con el reconocimiento y control de las variables físico-químicas del agua, en la regulación de los niveles del agua y en la alimentación de los peces. Con el estudio se vislumbran nuevas oportunidades de aplicación de tecnologías, en especial aquellas de bajo costo, para que sean accesibles a la mayor cantidad de piscicultores y su uso garantice la mejora en los procesos realizados. También se resalta la importancia que puede tener el uso de energías alternativas, para aprovechar al máximo los recursos naturales y minimizar el impacto ambiental.Palabras clave: automatización; control; tecnología; piscicultura; sensores. AbstractFish farming is a fundamental economic area for several communities. Traditionally, the processes inherent to this activity, such as fish feeding, marking, reproductive behavior and parental care are done manually; however, in recent years, some fish farmers have incorporated technological tools in process automation. This systematic literature review describes some of the tasks related to fish farming where technological tools have been applied. Some of these activities involve the recognition and control of water physical and chemical variables, water levels regulation, and fish feeding. The study suggests new opportunities for application of technologies, particularly low-cost technologies, because they are accessible to the largest number of farmers and their use guarantees the process improvement. The study also highlights the importance of using alternative energies in order to protect natural resources and minimize the environmental impact.
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