The results provide useful information for rehabilitation health professionals working with survivors of brain injury. The implications of these findings are discussed with regards to assisting adolescents' re-entry into society post-injury.

Hemangiomas accumulate Gdfos on delayed phase and metastases do not, a key additional differentiating feature. Liver imaging with Gdfos may improve characterization of liver lesions.

Markers of brain injury interact with people's knowledge about brain injury in shaping people's attributions for the behaviour of persons with brain injury. When people attribute sequelae of the brain injury to other causes, this may hinder appropriate treatment.

As obstetric techniques continue to improve, there is a decided swing in favour of an early discharge from hospital of an ever-increasing number of well mothers and babies. In some larger teaching maternity hospitals, women are being discharged 48-hours post partum, and in many cases these women return to a situation where immediate responsibility for full home duties is put upon them. In accordance with this growing tendency and the question of delegation of physiotherapy, perhaps the aims of physiotherapy in the puerperium should be reconsidered. The community is constantly being made more aware of the need for physical fitness, and so, as physiotherapists already involved with obstetric after-care, we have a very real responsibility to teach both new mothers and multiparas the absolute importance of specific post natal muscle re-education, the necessity for back care in lifting and in posture, the value and place of relaxation (that is, active muscle decontraction) in the often trying and stressing puerperium, and the need for a rapid return to a state of general physical fitness.

<p>Misunderstanding the behaviours of individuals with brain injuries is common and may result in negative consequences, especially when visible markers of brain injury are absent. Previous research on this issue manipulated the visibility of a brain injury with photographs of an adolescent with either a head scar or no scar (McClure, Buchanan, McDowall, & Wade, 2008). Scenarios stated that the adolescent had suffered a brain injury, followed by undesirable changes in four behaviours. Participants attributed the behaviors more to adolescence relative to brain injury when there was no scar than when there was a scar. The current research extends this research by examining the effects of visible markers of injury combined with three other factors: whether people are informed about the injury, the stated cause of injury, and familiarity with individuals with brain injury. Experiment 1 (N = 98) examined the effects of informing people about brain injury and found that when participants were not informed about the brain injury, visible markers of injury had no effect on attributions; participants made higher attributions to adolescence than brain injury in both scar conditions. In contrast, when participants were informed about the injury, in the no scar condition, attributions were higher for adolescence than brain injury whereas in the scar condition, both causes were rated equally. Experiment 2 (N = 148) examined the effects of putative causes of the injury and the participants' familiarity with the brain injury. The results found that visible markers of injury had no effect on attributions when the described cause was a brain tumour, but when the described cause was abusing illegal drugs, participants made higher attributions to brain injury than adolescence in the scar condition, with the reverse found in the no scar condition. In the scar condition, participants with high familiarity attributed the behaviours more to the brain injury than participants with low familiarity and participants with low familiarity attributed the behaviours more to adolescence than participants with high familiarity. In the no scar condition, participants in both familiarity groups attributed the behaviours equally to adolescence and brain injury. This research shows that the visibility of a brain injury, the etiology of an injury and familiarity with individuals with brain injury influence people's attributions for an adolescent's undesirable behavior. This information can be used by professionals and caregivers to inform survivors about these effects and used in campaigns to educate the public.</p>