This review is dedicated to the analytical literature concerning the dynamics of different approaches to renewable energy promotion. Examples of major types of green energy incentives, including carbon tax, Feed-in Tariffs, and investments in research and development are covered in the paper, as well as the barriers and limitations to such practices and the contradictions existing in the field of renewable energy. The dynamics of the means of green energy promotion over this period have been addressed. This review analyzes energy considerations and the importance of raising public awareness on the issue. The evidence collected through the literature analysis, has proven that despite of a significant amount of work done in the field in the transition to the renewable energy sources, including the implementation of various incentives, controversial aspects remain that demand attention both from economists and policymakers. Modern best practices in the field of green energy incentives can be based on government initiatives or stem from the private sector. The most widely used policies for renewable energy promotion discussed in the reviewed studies are tax incentives; however, at the same time, numerous countries are providing fossil fuels subsidies to minimize the level of inequality. Finally, the outlook of different practices concerning financing of the transition from traditional energy sources to renewable ones is presented.

In this study, energy center selection of G7 countries is examined. In this context, firstly, the studies in the literature have been evaluated in detail, and seven different criteria have been determined which may affect this selection. Taking these seven different criteria into consideration, G7 countries are ranked by fuzzy MOORA method according to energy center selection performance. According to the results, Japan and Germany are the most successful countries. On the other hand, it was concluded that France and Italy ranked last in terms of energy center selection performance. Hence, especially the countries in the last rankings should be more careful in selecting energy center. In this framework, the customer potential, the training profiles of the customers, the potential of the company with investment demand, the previous payment performance of these companies, and the market risks should be considered by the energy companies while opening new branches.

The pandemic-2020 has come quite unexpectedly despite the repeated warnings from WHO. It turned out that the infection’s spread in all countries of the world and the new-how to resist it depends on the ability to mobilize national system of health protection. So, on the quality of the provided medical service, on the accessibility to all levels of the society and on the ability of countries’ governments to provide with proper regulation of social life self-isolation, on-line work and quarantine regimes became the most effective tools in the world. It demanded the appropriate control mostly based on new technological solutions. Remote work and the possibilities of modern technologies to track and identify people may get elaboration after the end of the pandemic-2020. There is a great possibility to lose a part of democratic freedom of society due to using new systems of social life control in order to increase countries functioning effectiveness as the main units of a polycentric model of the world order. It is emphasized that polycentrism should lead neither to the totalitarianism of power nor to the loss of democratization of social life. The government should promote this process by increasing the effectiveness of its activity not substituting it for total control based on ICT.   Received: 15 July 2021 / Accepted: 12 October 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021

The research paper is devoted to developing a mathematical approach for dealing with time-varying parameters in rolling window logit models for credit risk assessment. Forecasting coefficients yields a better model accuracy than a trivial approach of using computed past statistics parameters for the next time period. In this paper, a new method of dealing with time-varying parameters of scoring models is proposed, which is aimed at computing the default probability of a borrower. It was empirically shown that in a continuously changing economic environment factors’ influence on a target variable is also changing. Therefore, forecasting coefficients yields a better financial result than simply applying parameters obtained by accumulated statistics over past time periods. The paper develops a new theoretical approach, incorporating a combination of the ARIMA class model, the DCC-GARCH model and the state–space model, which is more accurate, than using only the ARIMA model. Rigorous simulation testing is provided to confirm the efficiency of the proposed method.