The article draws out the main contradictions in the reproduction of human capital from the point of view of the state of healthcare as the basis for the formation of biological human capital, education as a platform for the formation of intellectual capital, motivation for its development and preservation at the stages of the life cycle. The authors came to the conclusion that transformations and reforms in the social sphere, social protection of the population, employment, personnel management, training of bachelors, specialists and masters are accompanied by significant contradictions that impede the development of human capital. The main contradiction is observed between the health priorities at all stages of the life cycle due to its lasting value, regardless of the social differentiation of the population, quality vocational education and worsening conditions for its reproduction, especially in subsidized regions. The conclusions are based on the analysis of the main indicators of the state of health care, higher education, the authors' own research, and the generalization of specialists' opinions. The authors see the minimization of the negative consequences of this contradiction in the transition to a value-oriented healthcare model; creating favorable conditions for the training of specialists capable of active thinking, the formation of human and intellectual capital in accordance with the challenges of our time. Due to the fact that national projects were updated, we consider this tool for the formation and preservation of human capital. Keywords-human capital, stages of the life cycle of human capital, value-oriented healthcare system, higher education system, motivation to preserve workers' health, risks of "occupational burnout" of personnel, national projects.