No abstract

The article presents the results of our own studies of clinical, anamnestic and laboratory parameters in patients with severe COVID-19. The aim of the study was to identify possible clinical and laboratory predictors of an unfavorable out-come of a severe course of Covid-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus and hy-perglycemia. A retrospective analysis of data from primary medical records of 320 patients was performed. All patients received medical care in the intensive care unit of the infectious hospital in Minsk from June 2020 to March 2022. Based on the results of the assessment of glycemic parameters, all patients were divided into the following groups: 224 people with hospital hyperglycemia (HH), 51 patients with a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or newly diagnosed and 45 people without glycemic disorders. Covid-19 infection confirmed by a positive PCR or antigen test from respiratory swabs. Patients with HH and DM had high-er levels of ESR, procalcitonin, CRP, LDH, neutrophils, more pronounced lym-phopenia, which indicated a more pronounced inflammatory process. The level of D-dimers was assessed as a biomarker of the coagulopathy process, it was al-so higher in the groups of patients with DM and HH. According to the results of the study, 70 % of patients with severe COVID-19 had newly diagnosed hyper-glycemia, and from day 4, patients with an unfavorable outcome showed a ten-dency to persistent hyperglycemia, which potentially indicates its role as a prog-nostic parameter.

The article is devoted to the study of the trends in Russian criminal policy at the present stage of its development. The authors come to the conclusion that criminal policy today is understood and exists in three aspects: first, as a policy in its own (narrow) sense of the word, that is, state political activity in the field of combating crime; second, as law enforcement in this area (practical policy); third, as a branch of scientific knowledge of complex content (based on the connection of criminal law, process, criminal executive law, criminology with political science, sociology, management theory), the so-called criminal political science. Criminal policy, implemented at different stages of development of social relations, is characterized by certain priority areas. Currently, with regard to international documents and standards, one of the key trends in Russian criminal policy is humanization, as evidenced by the analysis of changes and additions to the criminal law over the past twenty years.

Руссо была впервые введена в политическую практику в годы французской буржуазной революции. Руссо стал идеологом революции, а принцип суверенитета народа был провозглашен французскими конституциями. Цель: выявить трансформации основных положений теории народного суверенитета Ж.-Ж. Руссо в политических концепциях французских революционеров и в революционной практике. Методы: методологическую основу данного исследования составляют совокупность методов научного познания, среди которых основное место занимают методы историзма, системности, сравнительно-правовой. Результаты: установлено, что теория народного суверенитета была значительно изменена в годы французской буржуазной революции. Выявлены различия в понимании народа. Дана характеристика теории народного представительства с точки зрения ее соответствия идее непосредственного народовластия. Рассмотрено развитие идей об устройстве государственной власти. Выводы: доктрина французской революции принимала теорию народного суверенитета Ж.-Ж. Руссо с существенными ограничениями, значительным образом трансформировала понятие народа и его общей воли. В политическую практику был введен институт народного представительства. Концепция народного суверенитета была дополнена принципом неотчуждаемости прав личности и идеями о необходимости ввести систему дополнительных механизмов для защиты суверенитета народа от посягательств на власть со стороны ее реальных держателей.

Introduction. One of the components of the national security of the Russian Federation is information security. In the context of the information society in the Russian Federation, the role of the information component of national security has increased significantly. There are new challenges and threats to the information security of the Russian Federation, which require the reaction of the legislator. However, the conditions of globalization require States to take joint measures to address such a complex problem as information security. Consequently, international information security cannot be achieved by a single state. It is necessary to consolidate efforts and develop a uniform approach to this issue. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The Information society is characterized by a high level of development of information and communication technologies and their use in almost all spheres of life. The emergence of the global information society, the increased role of information and information and communication technologies have stimulated the adoption of a number of international legal instruments in this area. In addition, a number of other guidance documents have been developed and adopted that define the ways and directions of law-making and cooperation at the level of regional organizations. Their distinctive feature was the realization of the lack of unified and clear conceptual and categorical apparatus. This also applies to the concept of “information security”, a unified approach to the understanding of which is not available at the international level. General scientific methods (materialistic dialectics) and private scientific methods: formallogical, comparative-legal, historical-legal. Results. Currently, at the international level, there is not only no legal act regulating issues in the field of criminal law protection of information security, but also there is no common understanding of information security, its main threats of possible joint measures to prevent and eliminate them. Discussion and Conclusion. As the interstate information confrontation will continue and gain new momentum, there is an urgent need for the adoption of an international legal act aimed at the criminal law protection of information security, containing the classification of crimes against information security and recommendations to States on the criminalization of acts against information security in national legislation.