Maintenance is an indispensable part of the business process and plays an important role in an organisation's success and survival. The main purpose of maintenance is to ensure equipment functions at its original optimal level. Thus, the knowledge and skills of operators are crucial and in demand. This paper presents a knowledge management of maintenance activities transfer method. Knowledge management is a process that a company cannot avoid, because it is a step in providing the necessary information for business performance measurements. Based on the example of a knowledge management system for a consultant company, we propose a knowledge repository or warehouse for maintenance activities that consists of four elements: best practice, databases, discussion forums and assessment tools. Each element has its own role and contribution towards better maintenance activities. Therefore, knowledge management has a deep relationship with performance evaluation or measurement.

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An excellent navigation, guidance, and control (NGC) system had a high impact on trajectory tracking and the following scenarios. Both scenarios will include the heading, tangent, and velocity parameters in the computation. However, the control system design problem is not a new issue in the unmanned surface vehicle (USV) and autonomous ground vehivle (AGV) due to this constraint faced by many researchers since early these autonomy developments. Hence, this paper listed and emphasizing the techniques, including techniques implementation, strength, and the algorithm's constraints, a fusion of several techniques implemented for vehicle's stability, a turning ahead, and heading estimation. This paper concerns the similar algorithm used in the USV and AGV. Most of the selected techniques are basic algorithms and have been frequently implemented to control both vehicles' systems. Previous research shows pure pursuit guidance is the most popular technique in AGV to control the degree-of-freedom (DOF) velocity and the dynamic rate (sway, surge, and yaw). Simultaneously, the line of sight (LOS) controller is very compatible with controlling the movement of the USV. In conclusion, the technique's simulation test needs further research that will expose in the actual situation.

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Abstract. The ergonomics and environment factors have been the core issue for the mining industry for many years, and its profiles are rising. To ensure an ergonomics work environment, it is possible to require specific attention especially in this industries sector. It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the essential issue in Malaysia due to lack of ergonomics knowledge and low awareness among the engineers in the mining sector. The focus of this study is to evaluate and validate the physical risk factor associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSDs) by using Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) among mining industry workers. All the physical risk factors involved the main body regions such as upper arm, lower arm, wrist, trunk, neck and leg that has been identified associated with WMSDs. There were 18 subjects were selected to involve in this study. Those subjects were chosen according to their job task. To increase the reliability of the result, each subject was evaluated thrice in the trials. From the analysis, the average of final score of the REBA is 8.24 indicates high risk and calls for engineering/or work method changes to reduce or eliminate muscular disorder risk. The results of the analysis were used to improve the process of work, design of workstation and also improving the work posture to enhance the comfort level of operators. This study is crucial among the mining industry that is a lack of the information and research about the ergonomics issues in the industry. The overall finding indicated that the whole process of selected work task will contribute to musculoskeletal disorder either for a short or long time exposure.